A-2. Sedato-hypnotics Flashcards
groups of drugs of sedato hypnotics
alpha 2 Agonist
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
essential drugs of alpha 2 agonist
- xylasine
- Detomidine
- dexdetomidine
effects of alpha 2 agonists
Sedation
muscle relaxation
potentiate analgesia
Essential drugs of benzodiazepines
- diazepam
- midazolam
- alprazolam
Essential drugs of barbiturates
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
effects of benzodiazepines
sedation
anxiolytic
muscle relaxant
dose of phenobarbital
1 -5mg/bw, 1 a day
effects of barbiturates
anticonvulsant
general effects of sedato-hypnotics
sedative
anxiolytics
muscle relaxant
Anticonvulsant
increase of the dose of sedato hypnotics ….
deeper sedation, analgesia &muscle relaxation
alpha 2 agonists mechanism
activates :
post synaptic receptor
pre synaptic alpha 2 receptor
effect of activation by alpha 2 agonists
post synaptic:
- vasoconstriction,
- transient hypertension,
- baroreceptor activation
- bradycardia
pre synaptic:
- hypotension,
- analgesia & sedation
- decrease of motor activity
- vagal bradycardia
- GI SM relaxation
- decrease of intraocullar P
- decrease salivation
Administration route of alpha 2 agonists
IV, IM & orally (dexmedetomidine: oral paste not for swallowing)
indication of alpha 2 agonists
xylasine: emesis (fe, give lower dose)
premed
Romifidine & detomidine: Eq
Medetomidine & dexmedetomidine : smalls
alpha 2 agonists contraindications
cardiac patients
alpha 2 ANTAgonist
Yohimbine
Atipamezole
alpha 2 agonists side effects
vasoconstriction -> hypertension -> bradycardia -> hypotension
Ru: Tympanism
Paralytic ileus
Benzodiazepines route of application
Aprezolam : Orally
Diazepam : rectal, IV, intranasal (NOT IM ¨¨cuz of propane glycol)
Midezolam: IM, IV, intranasal
indications of Benzodiazepines
eliminate Post & Pre narcotic excitation
SMA
Benzodiazepines contraindication
Pre existing liver failure
Benzodiazepines side effects
- hepatotoxicity (esp in Fe)
- increase appetite
Barbiturates route of administration
Phenobarbital orally
Barbiturates mechanism of action
enhance neural inhibition by enhancing activity of GABA
-GABA: opens Cl- of excitatory cells, interaction with glutamate R , inhibition of Ca2+ channels
Barbiturates indication
long term management of epilepsy
Barbiturates side effects
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Autoinduction (only in Ca)
