A-2. Sedato-hypnotics

Question 1

groups of drugs of sedato hypnotics

Answer 1

alpha 2 Agonist
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates

Question 2

essential drugs of alpha 2 agonist

Answer 2

• xylasine
• Detomidine
• dexdetomidine

Question 3

effects of alpha 2 agonists

Answer 3

Sedation
muscle relaxation
potentiate analgesia

Question 4

Essential drugs of benzodiazepines

Answer 4

• diazepam
• midazolam
• alprazolam

Question 5

Essential drugs of barbiturates

Answer 5

Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital

Question 6

effects of benzodiazepines

Answer 6

sedation
anxiolytic
muscle relaxant

Question 7

dose of phenobarbital

Answer 7

1 -5mg/bw, 1 a day

Question 8

effects of barbiturates

Answer 8

anticonvulsant

Question 9

general effects of sedato-hypnotics

Answer 9

sedative
anxiolytics
muscle relaxant
Anticonvulsant

Question 10

increase of the dose of sedato hypnotics ….

Answer 10

deeper sedation, analgesia &muscle relaxation

Question 11

alpha 2 agonists mechanism

Answer 11

activates :
post synaptic receptor
pre synaptic alpha 2 receptor

Question 12

effect of activation by alpha 2 agonists

Answer 12

post synaptic:
- vasoconstriction,
- transient hypertension,
- baroreceptor activation
- bradycardia
pre synaptic:
- hypotension,
- analgesia & sedation
- decrease of motor activity
- vagal bradycardia
- GI SM relaxation
- decrease of intraocullar P
- decrease salivation

Question 13

Administration route of alpha 2 agonists

Answer 13

IV, IM & orally (dexmedetomidine: oral paste not for swallowing)

Question 14

indication of alpha 2 agonists

Answer 14

xylasine: emesis (fe, give lower dose)
premed
Romifidine & detomidine: Eq
Medetomidine & dexmedetomidine : smalls

Question 15

alpha 2 agonists contraindications

Answer 15

cardiac patients

Question 16

alpha 2 ANTAgonist

Answer 16

Yohimbine
Atipamezole

Question 17

alpha 2 agonists side effects

Answer 17

vasoconstriction -> hypertension -> bradycardia -> hypotension
Ru: Tympanism
Paralytic ileus

Question 18

Benzodiazepines route of application

Answer 18

Aprezolam : Orally
Diazepam : rectal, IV, intranasal (NOT IM ¨¨cuz of propane glycol)
Midezolam: IM, IV, intranasal

Question 19

indications of Benzodiazepines

Answer 19

eliminate Post & Pre narcotic excitation
SMA

Question 20

Benzodiazepines contraindication

Answer 20

Pre existing liver failure

Question 21

Benzodiazepines side effects

Answer 21

• hepatotoxicity (esp in Fe)
• increase appetite

Question 22

Barbiturates route of administration

Answer 22

Phenobarbital orally

Question 23

Barbiturates mechanism of action

Answer 23

enhance neural inhibition by enhancing activity of GABA
-GABA: opens Cl- of excitatory cells, interaction with glutamate R , inhibition of Ca2+ channels

Question 24

Barbiturates indication

Answer 24

long term management of epilepsy

Question 25

Barbiturates side effects

Answer 25

Polyphagia
Polyuria
Autoinduction (only in Ca)