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Pharma Final > A-25. Fluoroquinolones, other antibacterial agents (nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, fosfomycin) 
 > Flashcards

A-25. Fluoroquinolones, other antibacterial agents (nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, fosfomycin) 
 Flashcards

1
Q

2nd generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
marbofloxacin

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2
Q

3rd generation Fluoroquinilones

A

Levofloxacin
Sparfloxacin

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3
Q

4th generation fluoroquinilones

A

Pradofloxacin
moxifloxacin

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4
Q

AMEG Category of fluoroquinilones

A

3rd & 4th : Cat B

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5
Q

Structure of Fluoroquinilones

A

5th carbon attachment affects toxicity
3 & 4th carbon attachement affects effectiveness

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6
Q

3rd & 4th fluoroquinilones generation resistance

A

decreased efficacy or no efficacy against P. aeruginosa

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7
Q

2nd generation fluoroquinilones generation resistance

A

Anaerobic
streptococcus
enterococcus

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8
Q

2nd generation fluoroquinilones generation spectrum

A

P. aeruginosa (Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin)
IC bacteria

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9
Q

Spectrum of 1st generation Fluoroquinilones

A

Enterobacteriaceae
fastidious bacteria
Aeromonas

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10
Q

Spectrum of 3rd generation Fluoroquinilones

A

Gram +
Streptococcus
IC bacteria

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11
Q

Spectrum of 4th generation Fluoroquinilones

A

Gram +
Streptococcus
IC bacteria
Anaerobs

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12
Q

mode of action of Fluoroquinilones

A

promotion of bacterial DNA cleavage : inhibition of DNA synthesis
Concentration dependent bactericidal
PAE : 2-5hrs

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13
Q

Resistance of fluoroquinilones

A

chromosomal resistance (E.Coli, Salmonella & Campylobacter)
Plasmid mediated (Enterobacteriaceae)
cross resistance between all generations

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14
Q

PK of fluoroquinilones

A

Abs: Excellent, PO (food delays) ; SC/IM : good
Distr: Excellent (special barriers, concentrated in phagocytic cells)
Met: Partially metabolized, metabolites may be active
Excr: Urine as active drug, partially bile

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15
Q

Toxicity of Fluoroquinilones

A

very safe (1st G most toxic)
long lasting administration & large dose : more SE

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16
Q

Side effects of Fluoroquinilones

A

Retinopathy in cats (enrofloxacin)
inhibition of cartilage dvlpmt
CNS seizures
Dysbacteriosis

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17
Q

interactions with fluoroquinilones

A

synergistic: b-lactam, aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Metronidazole
Antagonist: Chloramphenical, Rifampicin
increases: Warfarin, caffein, theophylline & cyclosporin effect
prolonged QT, use antiarrhythmics

18
Q

Indication of 2nd Generation Fluoroquinilones

A

UTI
Resp inf.
Dermatitis
sepsis
otitis
meningitis
1st choice: prostatitis

19
Q

indication of 3rd & 4th G fluoroquinilones

A

Meningitis
Anaerob infection
meningoencephalitis
peritonitis
periodontitis

20
Q

Enrofloxacin specie administration

A

Lactating cows
sus
poultry
smalls

21
Q

Ciprofloxacin specie administration

A

Human

22
Q

Danofloxacin specie administration

A

lactating cows
swine
poultry

23
Q

marbofloxacin specie administration

A

large (injection)

24
Q

orbifloxacin specie administration

A

smalls (orally)

25
Q

Pradofloxacin specie administration

A

smalls (orally)

26
Q

Nitroimidazoles drug

A

metronidazoles

27
Q

metronidazole mode of action

A

destroys DNA in anaerobic conditions
(Bacteriacidal??)

28
Q

metronidazole spectrum

A

obligate anaerobic bacteria
protozoa (trichomonas, histomonas, giardia, amoeba)

29
Q

PK of metronidazole

A

Abs: Excellent
Distr: Excellent
Met: liver
excr: urine

30
Q

metronidazole indication

A

anal sacculitis
gingivitis
paradonditis
oral cavity infection
protozoal

31
Q

metronidazole banned from

A

Swine dysentery prevention

32
Q

Fosfomycin mode of action

A

inhibition of peptidoglycan, bactericidal

33
Q

spectrum of fosfomycin

A

Gram +
Gram -
(resistance develops rapidly)

34
Q

PK of fosfomycin

A

distr: moderate
met: none
excr: faeces & urine

35
Q

Administration and indication of fosfomycin

A

PO for UTI

36
Q

Nitrofurans drugs

A

nitrofurantoin

37
Q

mode of action of nitrofurantoin

A

bactericidal

38
Q

spectrum of nitrofurantoin

A

broad Gram -
Enterobactericeae

39
Q

resistance of nitrofurantoin

A

proteus & pseudomonas

40
Q

PK of nitrofurans

A

abs: PO well
Furasolidone : met by liver (for enteral infections)
excr: Urine & nitrofurantoin

41
Q

nitrofurantoin indication & species

A

UTI,
Ca & Fe

42
Q

Toxicity of nitrofurantoin

A

low TI
GI irritation
neurotoxicity
NOT for FPA (mutagenic & carcinogenic)

Pharma Final (15 decks)

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