A-21. Macrolides Flashcards
Must know Macrolides
azithromycin
clarithromycin
Tylosin
Tylvalosin
Tilmicosin
Tulathromycin
Macrolides structure
macrocyclic Lactone ring attached to sugar
(weak base)
mode of action of macrolides
inhibition of protein synthesis on 50S
Bacteriostatic
Particularity of macrolides ma
ion trapping = high IC concentration
the more N the more ion trapping
Macrolides with 3 N
Tulathromycin
Macrolides with 2 N
Azithromycin
Gamithromycin
Abs of macrolides
PO variable
erythromycin (acid sensitive)
Tyrosine phosphate & tartarate
IM/SC good but irritation
distribution of macrolides
good, not BBB
high Conc in lungs
metabolism of macrolides
extensive in liver
CYP450 enzyme inhibitor
excretion of macrolides
bile
spectrum of macrolides
Gram + (strepto & Staph)
Gram- :
fastidious
bordetella
campylobacter
Anaerobs
B. Hyodysenteria
L. intracellularis
Mycoplasma
Chlamydophilia
Borrelia
R. Equi
Resistance to macrolides
Enterobacteriacea
P. Aeruginosa
Side effects of Macrolides
GI irritation (erythro)
tissue irritation
dysbacteriosis (ok foals)
Indication of erythromycin
smalls: campylobacter
Eq: R. Equi (+ Rifampicin)
Indication of Spiramycin
smalls: oral cav inf.
Indication of Tylosin
smalls: ARD
Su: L. intracllularis
Sus;Ru;Av: RI, necrotic enteritis
Indication of Tilmicosin
NOT GOATS
Fastidious Gr- & Mycoplasma
Administration of tilmicosin in Ru
SC (lasts 3 days)
Administration of tilmicosin in Su
PO (lasts 3 days)
Indication of tylvalosin
sus & Av: RI
B. hyodysenteria
L. intracellularis
Indication of Tula/Gami-thromycin
RU &Sus
fastidious & mycoplasmae (RI)
duration of action of tulathromycin
6 days
duration of action of gamithromycin
10-15 days
Indication of tildipirosin
Ru & Sus
NOT MYCOPLASMAE
Fastidious Gr-
duration of action of tildipirosin
14- 28 days
Indication of Azi/Clari-thromycin
Smalls (PO)
gram+
fastidious gr-
borrelia
mycoplasmae
campylobacter
R. equi
Indication of tylosine phosphate
GI inf
Indication of tylosine tartarate
RI
