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Pharma Final > A.29 Drugs Against Ectoparasites > Flashcards

A.29 Drugs Against Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

Organophosphate Drugs to know

A

Diazinon
Coumaphos

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2
Q

Carbamates drugs to know

A

Propoxur

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3
Q

Pyrethroids drugs to know

A

Permethrin
Deltamethrin
Flumethrin

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4
Q

Formamidine drugs to know

A

Amitraz

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5
Q

Types of ectoparasiticides

A

Adulticides (contact poison or systemic agents)
Insect growth regulators
Repellents

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6
Q

Absorption of ectoparasiticides

A

Slow, but good absorption

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7
Q

Distribution of ectoparasiticides

A

Broad goes through BBB

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of ectoparasiticides

A

GluCl channels (hyperpolarisation and depolarisation)
Acts on Ach receptor

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9
Q

Duration of action of : collars, spot on, sprays

A

4-8 months
4-12 weeks
Days

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10
Q

PK of organophosphates

A

A: good
D: excellent
M: met by liver (partial activation , increase of toxicity)
E: urine & faeces

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11
Q

Organophosphate after being metabolised by liver

A

Diazoxone (much more toxic and longer half life)

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12
Q

Mode of action of organophosphate

A

Contact poison
IRREVERSIBLE inhibition of Ach E

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13
Q

Diazinon spectrum:

A

Fleas, ticks, lice, mites, myiasis

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14
Q

Coumaphos spectrum

A

Varroosis of honey bees

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15
Q

Side effects of organophosphate

A

SLUDGE, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction
Muscle tremor
Seizures, coma

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16
Q

Antidote for organophosphate overdose

A

Atropine
Pralidoxine (Ach E réactivation)

17
Q

Dose of atropine in case of organophosphate overdose

A

0.2-0.5 mg/kg (1/4 given IV, 3/4 given SC)

18
Q

For which species are organophosphates very toxic

A

Cats

19
Q

Carbamates mode of actions

A

reversible inhibition of Ach E

20
Q

Antidote in case of Propoxur overdose

A

Atropine

21
Q

Spectrum of propoxur

A

Fleas & ticks

22
Q

1st generation pyrethroids

A

tetramethrin

23
Q

which generation of pyrethroids is safest

A

2

24
Q

2nd generation pyrethroids

A

Permethrin
deltamethrin
flumethrin (varoosis of honey bees)

25
Q

pyrethroid mode of action

A

repellent & contact poison
opens Na channels
called “knock down effect”

26
Q

spectrum of pyrethroids

A

good: ticks, flies & mosquitoes
poor: fleas & mange mites

27
Q

toxicity of pyrethroid

A

Fish
cats spot on can be toxic

28
Q

Side effects of pyrethroids

A

tremors, excitation, MYDRIASIS
local irritation & allergy

29
Q

antidote for pyrethroids overdose

A

none
intralipid: prevents drug to reach CNS

30
Q

Amitraz mode of action

A

MAO - inhibitors (no neurotransmitter uptake)
alpha 2 agonists

31
Q

spectrum of Amitraz

A

8 legged parasites

32
Q

toxicity of Amitraz

A

narrow TI
not to be given to horses, chihuahuas and cats

33
Q

side effects of amitraz

A

sedation
bradycardia
hypothermia
emesis
hyperglycemia

34
Q

antidote for amitraz overdose

A

Atipamezole

35
Q

which gene mutation can be dangerous whilst giving ectoparasiticides

A

ABCB1 & MD8 mostly in collies
P-glucoprot. cannot pump out drugs from CNS

Pharma Final (15 decks)

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