Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

1 Stimulation from Cranial

Answer 1

mAChR on Cardiac/smooth muscle

Question 2

2 Stimulations from Thoracic

Answer 2

mAChR on sweat glands (but notable bc sympathetic, not parasymp)
Alpha/beta ARs on cardiac/smooth muscle

Question 3

2 Stimulations from Lumbar

Answer 3

D1 on renal vascular smooth muscle

nAChR (but like pregang) onto adrenal medulla chromaffin cells which release NE and Epi into bloodstream

Question 4

1 Sacral Stimulation

Answer 4

Somatic motor neurons which go direct to deliver to nAChR

Question 5

Muscarine Mushroom Effect

Answer 5

Stimulate mAChR, so cold sweats

Question 6

Clonidine

Answer 6

Agonist for alpha 2 AR on presyn cell, which binds released NE and inhibits more release. Used for high blood pressure.

Question 7

Resperine

Answer 7

Blocks DA packaging into vesicles

Question 8

Metyrosine

Answer 8

Blocks tyr conversion to DOPA

Question 9

Cocaine

Answer 9

Inhibits CAT reuptake

Question 10

Detailed Stimulation of Heart

Answer 10

Gs Beta1(main)/2 AR responds to NE (or blood Epi) and increases AC activity, increasing cAMP and pace/contractility shit
Gi M2 responds parasymp to do the opposite

Question 11

Vagal Reflex

Answer 11

Adding NE increases mean arterial pressure, but vasomotor sensor induces vagal reflex to lower heart rate so PNS “wins.” Vagal reflex doesn’t occur during surgery

Question 12

Baroreceptor Reflex

Answer 12

Responsible for continuous blood supply to brain, but postural (orthostatic) hypotension can occur from hypovolemia or as a side effect of alphaR blockade

Question 13

2 Differences b/w Epi and NE

Answer 13

Epi stimulates heart, NE constricts muscle capillaries more

Epi has 5-10x times more effect on tissue metabolism

Question 14

Eye Nervous Stimulation

Answer 14

Parasymp Reduce Pressure: MAChRs reduce humor secretion, constrict/contract pupil (miosis), and pull ciliary muscle to open canal of Schlemm and focus near
Symp Increases Pressure: Beta ARs secrete more humor and alpha ARs dilate pupil (myadriasis)

Question 15

2 Treatments for Glaucoma

Answer 15

Cholinomimetics are mAChR agonists

Beta-blockers

Question 16

Organophosphate Intoxication

Answer 16

Diagnosed by pupil constraction bc they inhibit AChEsterase

Question 17

Notable R for Skin/Gut Lining

Answer 17

Alpha1 AR constricts small arterioles to increase blood pressure inside

Question 18

Notable R in Bronchial Muscle

Answer 18

Beta2 AR relaxes, so beta blockers are bad for asthmatics

Question 19

Presynaptic Regulation of Heart (3 Rs, big point)

Answer 19

Vagus acts on mAChRs on presynaptic adrenergic neuron and inhibits it, as does alpha2 ARs
Beta AR stimulates
More often there is negative presynaptic regulation