Antibiotics Chart

Question 1

3 Kinds of Drugs that Target 30S Sub

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Spectinomycin

Question 2

Aminoglycoside (e, ra, m, re, special feature)

Answer 2

e - gentamicin
ra - Gm-, mycobacterium
m - binds 16S of 30S, blocks initiatationa and causes frameshifts. Bactericidal
r - modification by bacterial acetyltransferase
sf - unique ability to interfere w/ reading nonsense muts so can be used for treatment of diseases involving premature termination codons

Question 3

Tetracycline (m, re)

Answer 3

m - binds 16S and blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA binding, selective because bacteria have diff transport systems. Not bacteriocidal
re - pump can export from cell

Question 4

Tigecycline

Answer 4

First glycylcylcline, like a tetracycline but doesn’t bind the pump some not affected by most common resistance pathway. New and reserved (not effective for UTIs)

Question 5

Spectinomycin (similar to and 2 differences from)

Answer 5

Similar to aminoglycosides but bacteriostatic and doesn’t induce codon misreading

Question 6

5 Kinds of Drugs that Target 50S

Answer 6

Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Lincosamides
Streptogramins
Oxazolidonones

Question 7

Macrolides (e, ra, m, re)

Answer 7

e- erythromycin
ra - pulmonary, like mycoplasma and G+
m - binds to 23S in 50S and blocks exit tunnel where polypeps emerge
re - protein modification by acetyltransferase

Question 8

Chloramphenicol

Answer 8

Binds 23S but rarely used bc highly toxic

Question 9

Lincosamines (e, ra, m)

Answer 9

e - clindamycin
ra - G+, anaerobes
m - resemble macrolides (bind 23S in 50S and block exit tunnel where polypeps emerge)

Question 10

Streptogramins

Answer 10

IV drug where 2 used in combination effective against resistant strains

Question 11

Oxazolidinones (e, ra, m, sf)

Answer 11

e - Linezolid
ra - G+
m - Bind directly to 23S and block complex formation
sf - unique binding site, so very little resistance

Question 12

RifamycinB/Rifampin (synthetic)

Answer 12

Used for TB treatment and block RNA Pol

Question 13

Nalidixic Acid (Quinolones)

Answer 13

DNA gyrase inhibitor so bactericidal unless growth prevented (need DNA rep occurring). Human Topoisomerase II way less sensitive

Question 14

Sulfonamides and Sulfones

Answer 14

PABA analogue that inhibit Dihydropterate Synthase bc bacteria synthesize own folate and can’t pull from environment like us

Question 15

Bactrim

Answer 15

Combo of Trimethoprim (DHFR inhibitor) and Sulfonamide to work effectively and prevent resistance