Adrenergic Pharmacology

Question 1

Agonist Potency for Alpha and Betas

Answer 1

Alpha: Epi >= NE&raquo_space; Iso
Beta: Iso > Epi >= NE

Question 2

Propanolol Action (+ other use and undesired effect)

Answer 2

Nonspecific Beta antagonist so decreases BP. Also used to decrease demand for O2 so prevent heart attack. Also causes bronchoconstriction

Question 3

Alpha1 R Location/Effect

Answer 3

VSM of vessels in skin/gut: activation constricts

Question 4

Alpha2 4 Locations/Effects

Answer 4

Presynaptic NE terminals: activation decreases NE release
Brainstem: Activation decreases symp outflow
Kidney (JG cells): Decreases renin release
Vascular endothelium: increases NO release

Question 5

Beta1 2 Locations/Effects

Answer 5

Heart: Increase everything

Kidney (JG): Increase renin release

Question 6

Beta2 Location/Effect

Answer 6

VSM of vessels in skeletal muscle/heart/brain (fight or flight areas): relaxes

Question 7

Beta3 Location/Effect

Answer 7

Metabolize fat cells

Question 8

Epinephrine Activations

Answer 8

Full agonist for all ARs

Question 9

NE Actions

Answer 9

Mainly alpha1, 2, and Beta1, Leading to Increased Cardiac Output and Mean Blood Pressure

Question 10

Isoprotenerol Actions

Answer 10

Beta1 and 2 agonist, so Increased Cardiac Output and Decreased Mean Blood Pressure

Question 11

Albuterol Action

Answer 11

Highly selective Beta2 agonist for smooth muscle dilation, so bronchodilation

Question 12

Phenylephrine Action (& special use)

Answer 12

Highly selective alpha1 agonist, so vasoconstriction in skin/gut. Systemic increased BP so brachycardia through vagal reflex. Used for local anesthesia to stay longer bc local vasoconstriction

Question 13

Clonidine Action

Answer 13

Selective alpha2 agonist, so decreased BP

Question 14

4 Clinical Location Uses of Sympathomimetics

Answer 14

CV System - enhance blood flow/pressure, or reduce it locally, or emergency for heart
Pulmonary bronchodilation for asthma
Anaphylaxis
CNS - amphetamines for narcolepsy or Ritalin

Question 15

Decongestion Mech

Answer 15

Alpha1 Rs in Upper Resp Tract bvs

Question 16

Tyramine

Answer 16

Sympathomimetic in food that can replace NE in vesicles that initially increase NE but then decrease. Broken down by MAO so MAO inhibition can lead to increase in BP, stroke, etc

Question 17

Ephedrine

Answer 17

Releases stored CATs and hydrophobic to CNS so good decongestant. Easily converted to amphetamine

Question 18

Prazosin

Answer 18

Highly selective Alpha2 Antagonist, so blocks vasoconstriction and decreases BP

Question 19

Phentolamine

Answer 19

Non-selective alpha antagonist

Question 20

Epi Effect on BP Before/After Treatment w/ Phentolamine

Answer 20

Before: Increases
After: Effect on beta Rs causes decrease bc dilation of some vessels

Question 21

Metaprolo/Atenolol Action

Answer 21

Beta1 Antagonist so decreases BP