Allergy/Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic Rxn R

A

H1R

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2
Q

2 Vascular Effects of H1R

A

Local vasodilation

Enhanced capillary permeability (edema, endothelial contraction)

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3
Q

Histamine Effects Pathway

A

H1R on endothelial -> Gq -> ^Ca -> activate NOS/Endothelials separate -> NO diffuses into VSM -> guanylate cyclase -> cGMP -> PKG -> inhibition of contraction

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4
Q

1st Gen H1R Antagonist

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadril), caused sedation and anti-ACh/motion sickness bc very lipid soluble so could get into brain

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5
Q

2nd Gen H1R Antagonists

A

Fexofenadine (Allegra) and Loratidine (Alavert, Claritin), w/ less side effect because less lipid soluble

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6
Q

2 Elements of Asthma

A

Inflammation -> remodeling and thickening of airway

Constriction -> contraction of muscles around airway

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7
Q

3 Possible Short Term Relief Asthma Med Types

A

Beta2 AR agonists
Theophyline
Anti-MR Agents

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8
Q

3 Possible Long Term Control Asthma Med Types

A

Inhaled corticosteroids
Inhibitors of mast cell degranulation
Antagonists of leukotriene pathway

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9
Q

Beta2 AR Agonists vs. Theophylline

A

Activate AC -> cAMP -> Bronchodilation vs. Inhibiting PDE which breaks down cAMP

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10
Q

Epi As Asthma Treatment

A

Nonselective AR agonist, increases cAMP and provides immediate relief but causes cardiac problems and eventual downreg so not used

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11
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Beta AR agonist, increases cAMP but has CV effects and Beta2s much preferred

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12
Q

2/3 Beta-2 AR Agonists and Difference b/w

A

Terbutaline/Albuterol - short acting/immediate relief

Salmeterol - long acting/slow onset prevention

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13
Q

Theophylline Benefit/Risk

A

Narrow therapeutic risk requires monitoring, but low cost

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14
Q

Ipratropium

A

MR antagonist that seems to have variable effectiveness

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15
Q

2 Corticosteroids for Long Term Control (& differences)

A

Prednisone and beclomethasone
Urgent vs. long term
Latter also aerosol and can lead to mouth infections

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16
Q

Cromolyn

A

Mast cell leukotriene release inhibitor, not used anymore because not as effective as corticsteroids

17
Q

Zafirlukast/Montelukast (Singuilair)

A

LTD4 R Antagonist for long term asthma control

18
Q

Zileuton

A

LOX Inhibitor for long term asthma control

19
Q

2 Lines of Anaphylactic Shock Treatment

A

1st - Epi

2nd - Corticosteroids/H1R anti-histamines

20
Q

Hapten Formation

A

Sensitization for type I drug allergies, protein w/ drug on it complex causes the allergic rxn, not the drug itself