Attraction & Relationships Flashcards
Need for Be__:
“We have the need to be embedded in he__ relationships”
Attachment as ev__ adaptive (Ha__)
All relationships should share some essential characteristics (ca__, wr__, and fl__, etc.).
belonging
healthy
evolutionarily, harlow
caregiving, wrestling, flirtation
Need for Belonging:
He__ costs and benefits of loneliness:
- Mo__ rates are higher for di__, wi__, or un__.
- Ps__ admission _-__X higher for di__.
- Social su__ also linked to higher ca__, im__, and en__ system functioning.
health
mortality, divorced, widowed, unmarried
psychiatric, 3-23, divorced
support, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine
What contributes to attraction:
- Several Antecedents to attraction ~ Pr\_\_ ~ Fa\_\_ ~ Si\_\_ ~ Ph\_\_ attractiveness
proximity
familiarity
similarity
physical
Proximity:
Student living study (Festinger, Schacter, Beck, 1950)
- Measured at__ between those living in a un__ housing project:
~ Cl__ friends with those who li__ close.
~ Mo__ friends among those whose homes faced a
ce__ court. - Is it just living cl__ by?
attraction, university
closer, live
more, central
close
- Contrary to folk wisdom, fa__ does not “breed co__.”
- Me__ Ex__ Effect:
The __ often we are exposed to a stimulus, the __ we come to li__ that stimulus. - Studies have been performed with ‘Tu__ words,’ id__, and even fa__.
familiarity, contempt
mere exposure
more, more, like
turkish, idiographs, faces
Mere Exposure and Attraction:
Moreland & Beach (1992)
- Had students evaluate one student in class for at__ and li__.
Never in__ with any of the other students.
- _ _: Female confederate sit in on large college classrooms either _, _, _, or _ times
- _ _: Li__. At the end of the semester, students were shown the woman’s picture and asked to rate how at__ she wasResults: attractiveness rating __ the more frequently she sat in on the class.
attractiveness, liking
interacted
IV: 0, 5, 10, 15
DV: liking, attractive
increased
Fa__:
-The more we se__ something, the more we li__ it!
~ Familiarity does NOT breed co__!
familiarity
see, like
contempt
Similarity:
Birds of a fe__ really do fl__ together!
Importance of Similarity:
- De__ characteristics:
~ Se__ orientation
~Ag_
~ Re__ - Physical At__:
~ Ma__ Hypothesis - In__
- At__
~ Need for af__ - Pe__
~ Think “Big-_”
feather, flock
demographic
sexual
age
religion
attractiveness
matching
intelligence
attitudes
affiliation
personality
5
Our Human Heritage: Courtship and Mating:
-Sociobiological Perspective
~ Organisms maximize chances of pa__ on ge__, and to help our close biological re__, with whom we sh__ genes, to do the sa__.
Behind ro__ and cu__ variability there is an in__ and en__ logic forged by our ev__ past… (Buss, 1989)
- Male pr__ ma__
- “Da__ vs Ca__”
- Ma__-wh__ dichotomy (men judge women as either “wife material” -the Madonna- or as “sex material” -the whore-)
passing, genes
relatives, share
same
romanticism, cultural, intricate, enduring, evolutionary
praying mantis
dads, cads
madonna, whore
Gender, Evolution, and Sexual Strategies:
Different kinds of su__ and ma__ problems have caused differences in se__ strategies.
-Males co__ with other males for ac__ to females, and fr__ is important.
~ Male conversations and activities are often co__ and hi__ in nature.
-Females must be more ch__
—it is important to select a male who can pr__ resources.
~St__ indicates re__ potential.
~ Female conversations and interactions are often more co__ in nature
survival, mating, sexual
compete, access, frequency
competitive, hierarchical
choosy, provide,
status, resource
cooperative
What makes a person physically attractive?
-Face
~ Sm__, ey__, no__, sh__ of face, pr__ of ja_.
-Physique
~ He__, bo__-type, mu__
smile, eyes, nose, shape, protrusion, jaw
height, body, muscularity
What makes a person physically attractive?
- Av__!
- Facial Sy__
- Differences between m__ and w__ for physical attractiveness
averageness
symmetry
men, women
Averageness:
Is average beautiful?
- Why?
~ Composites more fa__, more pr__
~ Composite faces more sy__
~ Individual od__ tend to be ev__ out
familiar, prototypical
symmetrical
oddities, evened
What do women prefer?
- Preferences seem to be more co__ for women than men.
- Women have greater in__ with pr__ than men.
- Consider meaning of the term ‘el__ ba__ .’
Preferences:
- Ec__ capacity.
- So__ status.
- Ag_.
- Am__.
- In__.
- De__ and St__.
complicated
investment, pregnancy
eligible bachelor
economic social age ambition industriousness dependability, stability
In general, women’s preferences:
- Reflect the desire that a mate be:
~ able to support a ch__ with fo__ and sh__.
~ able to support a wi__ while the wife is ca__ for the ch__.
~ able to remain co__ to a relationship for at least as long as ch__-re__ continues
child, food, shelter
wife, caring, child
committed, child-rearing
Youth:
Co__ males from 1939-1988 prefer ma__ who are
an avg. of . years younger.
- Other countries
~Zambia+., Nigeria+., Greece+, Poland+. - Men in 30’s prefer _ years younger. 50’s, __ years younger.
~ 1st marriage – _ years difference
~ 2nd marriage – _ years difference
~ 3rd marriage – _ years difference!
college, mates, 2.5
7.5, 6.5,
5, 2
5, 20
3
5
8
Males:
Beauty - Men rate physical attractiveness as \_\_ important than women. ~ Sy\_\_ ~ Fu\_\_ lips ~ Cl\_\_ Skin ~ Ho\_\_-gl\_\_ shape ~ .\_\_ wa\_\_-to-hi_ ratio ( Highly correlated with bi\_\_ efficacy) ~No constant preferences for we\_\_ or body fa_ %
more
symmetry full clear hour-glass .70, waist, hip birthing
weight, fat
Males:
Faithfulness -Two key points:
- Knowing pa__ is much less ce__ than knowing ma__.
- Humans have ‘hidden’ es__ (me__) cycle
- Ultimate risk: Unknowingly raising an__ man’s child!
–>Having a fa__l wife is of paramount importance.
~Pa__ behavior is the best predictor of fu__ behavior.
~ Vi__ are esteemed more so than those who have had many
past pa__.
~ Moderated by cu__ (e.g.,Sw__)
paternity, certain, maternity
estrous, menstrual
another
faithful
past, future
virgins, partners
culture
sweden
Applying Ev__ Thought to Romance:
What function does je__ serve?
- Importance of avoiding cu__!
- Importance of avoiding men who st__!
What function does lo__ serve?
- Imagine men or women who are unable to lo__ each other OR their ch__.
~How would their children su__?
~ Forces of ev__ act through FE__
evolutionary
jealousy
cuckoldry
stray
love
love, children
survive
evolution, feelings
Cultural Influences on Attraction:
Impact on attraction
~ Cultural no__ help pr__ what ‘i_’ attractive and what ‘i_ n__’ attractive.
~ While there is some ag__ across cultures about what is physically at__, there are also cultural di__.
norms, promote, is, is not
agreement, attractive, differences
Beauty is also in the “eyes of the beholder”
People from different cu__ enhance be__ in very di__ ways.
- What is at__ in one pa__ of the world is often seen as re__ in an__.
- Ideal body sh__ also vary across cu__, as well as among ra__ groups wi__ a culture.
- St__ of beauty ch__ over time.
cultures, beauty, different
attractive, part, repulsive, another
shapes, cultures, racial, within
standards, change
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies:
Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid (1977)
- Male Ps talked to Female Ps over the phone
~ Saw a picture of an at__ or un__ female who they th__ they would be talking to.
- How did male Ps act on the phone?
~ Wa__/more so__ to “at__” females - How did the women respond?
~ Those talking to male Ps who thought they were
at__ were rated by independent co__ as more at__, co__, an__, and wa__.
attractive, unattractive, thought
warmer, sociable, attractive
attractive, coders, attractive, confident, animated, warm
Flirtation:
-Nonverbal
~ Ga__, po__, facial ex__, to__, gr__ gestures
- Verbal
~ Co__, “pi__ lines” - Playing “ha__ to ge_”
gaze, posture, expression, touch, grooming
compliments, pickup
hard, get
Playing Hard-to-Get:
Utilizing the co__ technique of sc__ (making yourself seem sc__).
e. g., When parents fo__ teenagers to go out with someone. (re__)
- Caution, this only works if the person has generally po__ feelings towards you.
compliance, scarcity
scarce
forbid, reactance
positive
Self-Pr__:
-Attempts to create a po__ yet pl__ image of the se__.
~ Re__ certain things, co__ others.
- Several no\_\_ we must consider: ~ De\_\_ ~ Mo\_\_ ~ Be\_\_ ma\_\_ ~ Co\_\_
presentation
positive, plausible, self
reveal, conceal
norms decorum modesty behavioral matching consistency
Attraction–> Relationships
Over ti__ and with enough at__, re__ occasionally occur.
~ Some are in__
~ In__ is not necessarily a re__
time, attraction, relationships
intimate
intimacy, requirement
Social Ex__ Theory:
Sa__ and co__ are based on perceptions of co__ and re__.
- An ec__ model of relationships.
Ex__ based relationships:
- Tr__-based
- __-term
- Individuals don’t feel re__ for each other.
Co__ relationships
- Individuals feel re__ for each other.
- Generally __-term relationship.
- Co__
exchange
satisfaction, commitment, costs, rewards
economic
exchange
trade
short
responsibility
communal
responsibility
longer
consistency
Eq__ Theory
-ab__ may not matter
Suggests sa__ occurs when both partners have similar co__/be__ ratios.
Satisfaction occurs when:
yo__ rewards = pa__’s rewards
yo__ costs=pa__’s costs
equity
absolutes
satisfaction, cost/benefit
your, partner’s
your, partner’s
Re__ Exchange Theory:
-when ma__ may not apply
Suggests men and women provide different co__:
- Men provide ea__ potential and st__.
- Women provide ch__-be__ capability
–>Explains: Extreme a__ differences between some of the partners mentioned earlier (Anna Nicole Smith, J. Howard Marshall).
resource
matching
commodities
earning, status
child-bearing
age
Stages of Courtship:
St__ Stage:
-fi__ contact
Va__ Stage:
-- contacts
Ro__ Stage:
-_ or m__ contacts–> toward ma__ or long-term co__
stimulus
first
value
2-7
role
8, more
marriage, cohabitation
Sternberg’s Tr__ Theory Of Love:
consists of in__, pa__, and co__ consummating
Li__=intimacy alone
Co__ Love=intimacy+commitment
em__ love=commitment alone
fa__ love= passion+commitment
in__= passion alone
ro__ love=intimacy+passion
triangular
intimacy, passion, commitment
liking
companionate
empty
fatuous
infatuation
romantic
