Article A

Question 1

what part of self esteem is not known to the public

Answer 1

that it plays an important role in shaping health

Question 2

T: the collection of traits, qualities, schema, roles, beliefs, and attitudes that form the core of one’s identity.

Answer 2

the self

Question 3

does the self develop all at once

Answer 3

no builds over time

Question 4

what is the self that develops during infancy

Answer 4

the sense of being an entity distinct from others

Question 5

T: to evaluate their worth and value, and it is this global evaluative component of the self

Answer 5

self esteem

Question 6

when does self esteem develop

Answer 6

puberty

Question 7

Self-esteem develops in part through a …, whereby children observe how other people treat them, and from that treatment, infer their worth

Answer 7

reflected appraisal process

Question 8

how do genes help develop self esteem

Answer 8

Babies are born with a genetic heritage that shapes the ways in which they interact with the world, and these same forces influence the development of self-esteem

Question 9

what genetic component is particularily relevant to self esteem

Answer 9

temperment (seeking rewarding vs seeking to avoid punish)

Question 10

what genetic component is particularily relevant to self esteem

Answer 10

temperment (seeking rewarding vs seeking to avoid punish)

Question 11

why the association between temperment and self esteem

Answer 11

temperament influences the ways in which people experience the world, which in turn informs self-evaluations

Question 12

what does it mean to say self esteem is subjective

Answer 12

Two people with different temperaments can have the same experiences, and from those experiences infer different conclusions about their
4
social worth, and thus develop different levels of self-esteem

Question 13

how stable is self esteem across the lifespan

Answer 13

after age 12 extremely stable

Question 14

what are 6 health concerns poor self esteem is associated with

Answer 14

depression, anxiety, stress, disordered eating, negative body image, and suicidal ideation

Question 15

how is the social wellbeing of low self esteems effected in childhood

Answer 15

developmental experiences of acceptance and rejection from family and peers

Question 16

how is the social wellbeing of low self esteems effected in adulthood

Answer 16

Lower self-esteem individuals often underestimate their social partners’ actual regard, whereas higher self-esteem individuals’ perceptions are often more accurate

Question 17

how is self esteem self fufilling socially

Answer 17

Lower self-esteem individuals’ social insecurities and resultant cool, inhibited social behavior can be off-putting to social partners, whereas higher self-esteem individuals’ confident and warm social behavior is attractive to others

Question 18

what is the resource model of self esteem and health

Answer 18

higher self-esteem is a psychological resource on which people can rely in times of adversity

Question 19

what is the self-and-social-bonds model of health

Answer 19

self-esteem regulates responses to the threat of
rejection in a manner than can undermine lower self-esteem individuals’ health andn beinfit higher self esteem individuals need to belong

Question 20

For everyone, the threat of rejection activates a neuroendocrine system called the …, which triggers a cascade of hormones that characterize the physiological stress response

Answer 20

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA

Question 21

how is the HPA response different for lower self esteem people

Answer 21

more sensitive to rejection threats than higher self-esteem individuals, they are more likely to exhibit this stress response in their daily lives

Question 22

what does the research suggest instead of targeting self esteem directly?

Answer 22

target social bonds

Question 23

psychological scientists are working to determine whether this and other promising social well-being interventions can serve as “…..,” yielding long-term increments in self-esteem that also benefit well-being and health.

Answer 23

psychological immunizations