approaches Flashcards
Describe Wundts role in the development of psychology as a science
- set up first psychology lab in germany 1879 and one of the first books on psychology helping establish the subject as an independent branch of science
- used controlled environments to establish theories
- used scientific methods study structure of sensation and perception and introspection , arguing that human experiences should be analysed in terms of its components
strength of wundt
- praised for keeping psych from philosophical roots.
- used controlled environments + standardised procedures to study thoughts, feelings,sensations
- such as ; using same stim (ticking metronome) and giving ppts same standardised procedures
- increases ability to replicate the pieces of research and increases psychologys status as a science
weakness of wundt
- replicable not reliable
- focuses on subjective ppt experience varies from person to person, difficult to establish consistent general principles of human behaviour
- behaviourist (watson) believed psychology only study behaviour that could be observed and measured specifically
- result = behavourist approach born used more empirical and objective methods such as controlled lab experiments
- increasing scientific status of psychology as a subject
what are the assumptions/principle/ideas about human behaviour (the learning approach-behaviourism)
- humans are born as a blank slate
- all behaviour is learnt from environment and therefore can bee unlearnt
- our behaviour is all due to learning so free will isn’t possible
ao1 of learning approach-behaviourism
- behaviourists were only interested in studying behaviour that can be observed and measured.
- watson rejected introspection claiming too subjective not measurable therefore behaviourists rely on lab experiments as better way of maintaining control and getting an objective measure of behaviour
- behaviourits believe animals can replace humans in research bc they learn in same way as humans
what is classical conditioning (Pavlovs theory)
- NS + UNCS = UNCR
- if repeated NS + UNCS
- NS = CS + CR (learnt)
describe introspection
- focuses on present experiences
- individuals conscious experience is systematically analysed
- individual focus on object, listening to a stimulus eg; metronome and look inwards noticing sensations, feelings and images.
- analysis broken up into components of thoughts, images and sensations
assumptions on the learning approach-social learning theory
- SLT suggests learning is through observing and imitating a model
- considers cognitive factors involved in learning behaviour
- that we learn behaviour directly and vicariously
def of identification - observational learning
- individual associates themself w role model due to similarity or status and wants to be like the role model
- therefore person more likely to imitate behaviour of these models
def of imitation - observational learning
- when individual observes a behaviour from a role model and copies it
vicarious reinforcement ?
- person sees role model rewarded for a particular behaviour then it incr chances that observer will imitate behaviour to receive same reward (indirect reinforcement)
modelling ?
process of imitating behaviour of role model from a role models view, they r precisely showing observer a specific behaviour to be imitated
names of the 4 meditational responses
attention
retention
reproduction
motivation
attention -(ARRM) FEATURE 2 ?
learning occurs when they attend to a models behaviour ,e.g children must observe what the model is doing or saying in order to reproduce the models behaviour our attention must be captured
retention - (ARRM) FEATURE 2 ?
- reproduce the modelled behaviour they must store the memory of thus behaviour in LTM allowing behaviour to be remembered more likely if info is easy to store ,memorable, and especially if behaviour is observed repeatedly
