Applied Pharm - Anti-Emetics Flashcards
What 3 inputs cause N & V
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)
Vagal Pathway
Vestibular Pathway
What is the main action site for anti-emetics
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
What receptors are targeted in CTZ?
5HT3, D2 and NK
What causes emesis via the vagal pathway? (3)
Sensory stimuli
Stimuli in GI tract
Stimuli in pharynx
What causes emesis via the vestibular pathway?
Disorientating motion
What is the approach of anti-emetics?
Blocking neurotransmitters that cause emesis
Name 3 H1 antagonists
Cyclizine
Cinnarizine
Promethazine
What are the side effects of H1 antagonists (2)
Drowsiness
Sedation
Name a H3 agonist
Betahistine hydrochloride
How do H3 agonists work?
Local vasodilation
Name 2 muscarinic antagonists
Hyoscine
Scopolaimine
Name 4 Dopamine antagonists
Phenothiazine
Prochlorpromazine
Perphenazine
Trifluoperazine
How does metoclopramide work
Crosses BBB, acts on GI tract
Side effects of metoclopramide?
Movement disorders, fatigue, menses disorders
Name 4 serotonin antagonists
Ondansetron
Granisetron
Palonosetron
Tropisetron
Side effects of serotonin antagonists? (2)
GI disturbances, headaches
Name 4 NK receptor antagonists
Aprepitant
Fosaprepitant
Casopitant
Maropitant
What are NK antagonists used for? (2)
CINV PONV
Side effects of NK antagonists? (5)
Fatigue, constipation, diarrhoea, anorexia, tinnitus
Name 2 cannabinnoids
Nabilone
Marinol
What would you prescribe for morning sickness? 2
promethazine, phenothiazine
What would you prescribe for motion sickness? 3
Hyoscine
Promethiaxine
Cyclizine
What would you prescribe for PONV? 2
Phenothiazine, metoclopramide
What would you prescribe for CINV? 2
Ondansetron, phenothiazine
