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Pharmacology > Applied Pharm - Anti-Emetics > Flashcards

Applied Pharm - Anti-Emetics Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 inputs cause N & V

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)
Vagal Pathway
Vestibular Pathway

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2
Q

What is the main action site for anti-emetics

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

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3
Q

What receptors are targeted in CTZ?

A

5HT3, D2 and NK

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4
Q

What causes emesis via the vagal pathway? (3)

A

Sensory stimuli
Stimuli in GI tract
Stimuli in pharynx

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5
Q

What causes emesis via the vestibular pathway?

A

Disorientating motion

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6
Q

What is the approach of anti-emetics?

A

Blocking neurotransmitters that cause emesis

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7
Q

Name 3 H1 antagonists

A

Cyclizine
Cinnarizine
Promethazine

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8
Q

What are the side effects of H1 antagonists (2)

A

Drowsiness

Sedation

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9
Q

Name a H3 agonist

A

Betahistine hydrochloride

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10
Q

How do H3 agonists work?

A

Local vasodilation

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11
Q

Name 2 muscarinic antagonists

A

Hyoscine

Scopolaimine

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12
Q

Name 4 Dopamine antagonists

A

Phenothiazine
Prochlorpromazine
Perphenazine
Trifluoperazine

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13
Q

How does metoclopramide work

A

Crosses BBB, acts on GI tract

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14
Q

Side effects of metoclopramide?

A

Movement disorders, fatigue, menses disorders

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15
Q

Name 4 serotonin antagonists

A

Ondansetron
Granisetron
Palonosetron
Tropisetron

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16
Q

Side effects of serotonin antagonists? (2)

A

GI disturbances, headaches

17
Q

Name 4 NK receptor antagonists

A

Aprepitant
Fosaprepitant
Casopitant
Maropitant

18
Q

What are NK antagonists used for? (2)

A

CINV PONV

19
Q

Side effects of NK antagonists? (5)

A

Fatigue, constipation, diarrhoea, anorexia, tinnitus

20
Q

Name 2 cannabinnoids

A

Nabilone

Marinol

21
Q

What would you prescribe for morning sickness? 2

A

promethazine, phenothiazine

22
Q

What would you prescribe for motion sickness? 3

A

Hyoscine
Promethiaxine
Cyclizine

23
Q

What would you prescribe for PONV? 2

A

Phenothiazine, metoclopramide

24
Q

What would you prescribe for CINV? 2

A

Ondansetron, phenothiazine

25
Q

What would you prescribe for opiod induced nausea?

A

Haloperidol, metoclopramide

26
Q

What would you prescribe for gastoenteritis?

A

Metoclopramide

27
Q

What would you prescribe for anticipatory emesis?

A

Benzodiapenes

28
Q

Name 3 instances emetics would be suitable for

A

Poisoning, alcohol intoxication, drug overdose

29
Q

Most IMPORTANT thing when administering emetics

A

Ensure patient is fully conscious

30
Q

Name 3 emetics

A

Ipecac syrup
Apomorphine
Activated charcoal

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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