APH Flashcards
1
Q
what is this?
A
haemorrhage from genital tract after 24th week but before delivery
2
Q
causes?
A
- placental abruption
- placenta praevia
- vasa praevia
3
Q
what is placental abruption?
A
premature separation of placenta from uterine wall
4
Q
risk factors for abruption?
A
- PET/HT
- cocaine use & smoking
- polyhydramnios
- multiple pregnancy
- increased maternal age
5
Q
presentation of abruption?
findings O/E?
A
- painful PV bleeding
- O/E: classic ‘woody’ hard uterus
6
Q
types of abruption?
A
- revealed
- blood escapes through cervix
- concealed
- haemorrhage occurs between uterine wall & placenta (haematoma) but os closed so haemorrhage remains within uterine cavity
7
Q
complications of abruption?
A
- maternal shock/collapse
- foetal death
- DIC
8
Q
Mx of abruption?
A
- mother is stable & no foetal distress
- expectant
- mother unstable, foetal distress or heavy bleeding
- emergency C-Section
fluid & blood resus of mother as reqiured + anti-D if Rh-ve
9
Q
what is placenta praevia?
A
placenta covers all or part of lower uterine segment (can lie close to os or cover it)
10
Q
risk factors for placenta praevia?
A
- previous C section (-> scarred uterus)
- previous multiple pregnancy
- previous PP
- increased maternal age
11
Q
grades of placenta praevia?
A
- major
- covering internal cervical os
- minor
- not covering internal cervical os
12
Q
presentation of placenta praevia?
A
painless PV bleeding
13
Q
Ix of placenta praevia?
A
- identified at 20-week anomaly USS
- needs confirmation in 3rd trimester as it can move
NEVER vaginal exam
14
Q
Mx of placenta praevia?
A
- C-Section
fluid & blood resus of mother as reqiured + anti-D if Rh-ve
15
Q
complication of praevia?
A
high risk of PPH
