AP02 - Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus, and Stomach Flashcards
What are the 2 rough sections of the mouth?
vestibule (between teeth and cheeks)
oral cavity
What are the 3 salivary glands of the mouth?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
What type of innervation do all the salivary glands of the mouth receive?
parasympathetic secretomotor?
What innervates the parotid salivary gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve via the Otic ganglion
What innervates the submandibular gland?
facial nerve - via the chorda tympani and the mandibular ganglion
What does the parotid gland secrete, and via what structure?
watery serous saliva via the parotid duct, piercing the buccinator muscle into the vestibule
What does the submandibular gland secrete, and where?
mixed serous and mucous saliva, through the submandibular duct either side of the lingual frenulum
What innervtaes the sublingual salivary gland?
facial nerve - via the chorda tympani and the mandibular ganglion
What does the sublingual salivary gland secrete, and where?
thick mixed saliva, many short ducts
What runs down the middle of the tongue?
midline fibrous septum
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
styloglossus
genioglossus
hyoglossus
palatoglossus
Where does styloglossus originate from?
styloid process
Where genioglossus originate from?
mandible
Where does hyoglossus originate?
hyoid bone
Where does palatoglossus originate from?
soft palate
What are the extrinsic tongue muscle innervated by?
all hypoglossal
BUT palatoglossus -Vagus nerve
What is the structure of the soft palate?
extends down to form the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (either side of hole at back)
, as well as the uvula
forms the oropharyngeal isthmus
Where is the lingual tonsil?
posterior tongue
Which 2 hyoid muscles lie immediately underneath the tongue?
Geniohyoid (superior)
Mylohyoid
Where would you find the fungiform papillae?
anterolateral tongue
Where would you find the filiform papillae?
medial tongue
Where would you find the vallate papillae?
rear tongue
What provides the anterior 2/3 of the tongue with sensory innervation?
(general) lingual branch of mandibular trigeminal nerve
(special) chorda tympani of facial nerve
What provides the posterior 1/3 of the tongue with sensory innervation?
(special AND general)
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Name the 5 muscles of the soft palate
tensor veli palatini palatoglossus palatopharyngeal levator veli palatini musculus uvalae
What innervates the muscles of the soft palate?
Vagus nerve
BUT the tensor veli palatini (Mandibular trigeminal nerve)
Which 3 soft palate muscles are involved in swallowing?
tensor veli palatini
palatoglossus
levator veli palatini
Which muscle of the soft palate is used in breathing?
palatopharyngeal
Which soft palate muscle controls the uvula?
Musculus uvalae
Which bones form the hard palate?
palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plate of palatine bone
What are the 3 groups of tonsils?
lingual
palatine
pharyngeal
What are all the tonsils supplied by?
pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
Where are the 3 perforations in the diaphragm?
T8 - inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve
T10 - oesophagus, right and left Vagus, left gastric artery
T12 - aorta, thoracic duct, branch of left gastric artery
What structure at T8 helps limit GORD?
The cardiac sphincter (diaphragmatic structure), between the oesophagus and the stomach
Where are the 3 constriction points in the oesophagus?
cervical - cricoid cartilage
thoracic - aortic arch
abdominal - oesophageal hiatus
What supplies and drains the oesophagus?
inferior phrenic arteries (mostly) superior phrenic pericardiophrenic musculophrenic (corresponding veins)
Which branch of the aorta supplies the stomach?
coeliac artery
anastosomes form along the lesser curvature (right and left gatric arteries) greater curvature (right and left gastro-omental arteries)
What is between the stomach and duodenum?
pylorus
