AP02 - Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus, and Stomach

Question 1

What are the 2 rough sections of the mouth?

Answer 1

vestibule (between teeth and cheeks)

oral cavity

Question 2

What are the 3 salivary glands of the mouth?

Answer 2

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 3

What type of innervation do all the salivary glands of the mouth receive?

Answer 3

parasympathetic secretomotor?

Question 4

What innervates the parotid salivary gland?

Answer 4

Glossopharyngeal nerve via the Otic ganglion

Question 5

What innervates the submandibular gland?

Answer 5

facial nerve - via the chorda tympani and the mandibular ganglion

Question 6

What does the parotid gland secrete, and via what structure?

Answer 6

watery serous saliva via the parotid duct, piercing the buccinator muscle into the vestibule

Question 7

What does the submandibular gland secrete, and where?

Answer 7

mixed serous and mucous saliva, through the submandibular duct either side of the lingual frenulum

Question 8

What innervtaes the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer 8

facial nerve - via the chorda tympani and the mandibular ganglion

Question 9

What does the sublingual salivary gland secrete, and where?

Answer 9

thick mixed saliva, many short ducts

Question 10

What runs down the middle of the tongue?

Answer 10

midline fibrous septum

Question 11

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 11

styloglossus
genioglossus
hyoglossus
palatoglossus

Question 12

Where does styloglossus originate from?

Answer 12

styloid process

Question 13

Where genioglossus originate from?

Answer 13

mandible

Question 14

Where does hyoglossus originate?

Answer 14

hyoid bone

Question 15

Where does palatoglossus originate from?

Answer 15

soft palate

Question 16

What are the extrinsic tongue muscle innervated by?

Answer 16

all hypoglossal

BUT palatoglossus -Vagus nerve

Question 17

What is the structure of the soft palate?

Answer 17

extends down to form the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (either side of hole at back)
, as well as the uvula
forms the oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 18

Where is the lingual tonsil?

Answer 18

posterior tongue

Question 19

Which 2 hyoid muscles lie immediately underneath the tongue?

Answer 19

Geniohyoid (superior)

Mylohyoid

Question 20

Where would you find the fungiform papillae?

Answer 20

anterolateral tongue

Question 21

Where would you find the filiform papillae?

Answer 21

medial tongue

Question 22

Where would you find the vallate papillae?

Answer 22

rear tongue

Question 23

What provides the anterior 2/3 of the tongue with sensory innervation?

Answer 23

(general) lingual branch of mandibular trigeminal nerve

(special) chorda tympani of facial nerve

Question 24

What provides the posterior 1/3 of the tongue with sensory innervation?

Answer 24

(special AND general)

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 25

Name the 5 muscles of the soft palate

Answer 25

``` tensor veli palatini palatoglossus palatopharyngeal levator veli palatini musculus uvalae ```

Question 26

What innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 26

Vagus nerve | BUT the tensor veli palatini (Mandibular trigeminal nerve)

Question 27

Which 3 soft palate muscles are involved in swallowing?

Answer 27

tensor veli palatini palatoglossus levator veli palatini

Question 28

Which muscle of the soft palate is used in breathing?

Answer 28

palatopharyngeal

Question 29

Which soft palate muscle controls the uvula?

Answer 29

Musculus uvalae

Question 30

Which bones form the hard palate?

Answer 30

palatine process of maxilla | horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 31

What are the 3 groups of tonsils?

Answer 31

lingual palatine pharyngeal

Question 32

What are all the tonsils supplied by?

Answer 32

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Question 33

Where are the 3 perforations in the diaphragm?

Answer 33

T8 - inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve T10 - oesophagus, right and left Vagus, left gastric artery T12 - aorta, thoracic duct, branch of left gastric artery

Question 34

What structure at T8 helps limit GORD?

Answer 34

The cardiac sphincter (diaphragmatic structure), between the oesophagus and the stomach

Question 35

Where are the 3 constriction points in the oesophagus?

Answer 35

cervical - cricoid cartilage thoracic - aortic arch abdominal - oesophageal hiatus

Question 36

What supplies and drains the oesophagus?

Answer 36

``` inferior phrenic arteries (mostly) superior phrenic pericardiophrenic musculophrenic (corresponding veins) ```

Question 37

Which branch of the aorta supplies the stomach?

Answer 37

coeliac artery ``` anastosomes form along the lesser curvature (right and left gatric arteries) greater curvature (right and left gastro-omental arteries) ```

Question 38

What is between the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 38

pylorus