17 Absorptive state

Question 1

Name the two relevant glucose transporters, whether they are insulin sensitive or not, and what cell types we find them on

Answer 1

Glut - 2, insulin insensitive, hepatocytes

Glut - 4, insulin sensitive, adipocytes, muscle

Question 2

What is the process of feedback control of insulin after a meal?

Answer 2

bgl conc increases
insulin secreted
bgl conc decreased
stimulus for insulin secretion removed
blood insulin conc falls

Question 3

What is different about the effect of glucose on adipocytes against hepatocytes and muscle cells?

Answer 3

in adipocytes we willl have a higher rate of fat production with high blood glucose levels

Question 4

What effect will insulin circulation have on GLUT-4 transporters?

Answer 4

the cell will absorb them and increase presence of GLUT-4, increasing glucose absorption

Question 5

What 2 sets of reactions will supply us with glucose?

Which is the main contributor?

Answer 5

glucose supplying reactions

glucose sparing reactions (major contributor)

Question 6

name 2 examples of glucose supplying reactions in the post-absorptive state

Answer 6

gluconeogenesis

glycogenolysis

Question 7

Which hormones control the glucose supplying reactions?

Answer 7

glucagon
cortisol
growth hormone
epinephrine

Question 8

WHat is the main glucose-sparing reaction?

Answer 8

beta-oxidation

Question 9

What is the main impact of chronic diabetes?

Answer 9

advanced glycation end-products through the amadori reaction, as there is so much glucose around it just glycates proteins
we can also generate sorbitol from glucose via aldol reductase, which can also glycate shit

Question 10

name 3 micovascular complications of long-term diabetes

Answer 10

retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy

Question 11

name 3 macrovascular complications of long-term diabetes

Answer 11

atherosclerosis
hyperlipidaemia
fatty liver disease