AP01 - overview of the digestive tract

Question 1

What 3 muscles contribute to the posterior lining of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 1

psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transversus abdominus

Question 2

What 2 plexi are in the gut tissue?

Answer 2

submucosal plexus

myenteric plexus

Question 3

Where are the borders of the foregut?

Answer 3

terminal oesophagus to the entrance of the bile duct into the duodenum

Question 4

Where are the boundaries of the midgut?

Answer 4

duodenum to middle of transverse colon

Question 5

Where are the boundaries of the hindgut?

Answer 5

distal transverse colon to rectum

Question 6

What is the arterial supply to each part of the gut?

Answer 6

foregut - celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery

midgut - superior mesenteric artery

hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery

Question 7

Which nerves innervate the different sections of the gut?

Answer 7

Foregut - Vagus (parasymp), celiac plexus and greater splanchnic nerve (symp)

Midgut - Vagus

Hindgut - least splanchnic nerve and S2-S4

Question 8

How do the GI organs get into the peritoneum?

Answer 8

they force themselves in hehe

Question 9

At what spinal nerve level does the celiac trunk leave the aorta?

What position is this relative to the pancreas?

Answer 9

T12

just above the pancreas

Question 10

At what spinal nerve level does he superior mesenteric artery leave the aorta?

Answer 10

L1

Just below the pancreas, between the splenic and left renal veins

Question 11

how many celiac ganglia are there?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Are the celiac ganglia sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 12

sympathetic

Question 13

What larger structure contributes ot the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia?

Answer 13

the sympathetic trunk

Question 14

Which 2 nerves contribute to the celiac ganglia?

Answer 14

upper part - greater splanchnic nerve

lower part - lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 15

What is another name for the lower part of each celiac ganglion?

Answer 15

aortico-renal ganglion

Question 16

What contributes to the superior mesenteric ganglion?

Answer 16

lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 17

What contributes to the lesser splanchnic ganglion?

Answer 17

L1-L3

Question 18

What drains the foregut?

Answer 18

hepatic portal vein (ultimately)

Question 19

What drains the midgut?

Answer 19

superior mesenteric vein and the portal venous system

Question 20

What drains the hindgut?

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric vein into the superior mesenteric vein

Question 21

Where would foregut pain be referred to?

Answer 21

epigastric region

Question 22

Where would midgut referred pain be?

Answer 22

umbillical region

Question 23

Where would hindgut pain be referred to?

Answer 23

pubic region

Question 24

What innervates the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 24

phrenic nerves

Question 25

what innervates the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 25

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves corresponding to organ of area

Question 26

What is the splenorenal ligament derived from?

Answer 26

the peritoneum

Question 27

What is the gastrosplenic ligament a part of? what does it connect?

Answer 27

greater omentum stomach to the hilum of the spleen

Question 28

What does the falciform ligament do?

Answer 28

attaches the liver to the front body wall, separating the liver into 2 lobes

Question 29

What imaging technique would you use to view duodenal ulcration?

Answer 29

fine catheter from femoral to coeliac artery gastroscopy

Question 30

What imaging technique would you use to view intestinal obstruction?

Answer 30

plane radiograph barium meal (with CT) X-ray

Question 31

What imaging technique would you use to view Gallstones?

Answer 31

ultrasound

Question 32

What imaging technique would you use to viewhepatic carcinoma

Answer 32

barium meal endoscopy (allows biopsy) ultrasound for liver metastasis CT - surgical resectability

Question 33

Wher is the bare area of the liver?

Answer 33

he posterior side inferior to the coronary ligament and superior to the kidney

Question 34

Where is the hepatorenal recess?

Answer 34

between the liver and kidney

Question 35

Where is the subphrenic recess?

Answer 35

between the ilver and diaphragm

Question 36

Where is the subhepatic space?

Answer 36

under the liver

Question 37

What pouch do males hale?

Answer 37

rectovesical pouch

Question 38

What pouches do females have?

Answer 38

visicouterine pouch | rectouterine pouch

Question 39

What is a spigelian hernia?

Answer 39

a hernia between the two groups of abdominal muscles (to the side of rectus abdominus)