23 nutrition of extremes Flashcards
What controls hunger and satiety, and what are the subdivisions of this structure?
hypothalamus
hunger and satiety centres
how can the stomach increase or inhibit appetite?
inhibit - stops ghrelin release
stimulate - release ghrelin
How might the intestine inhibit appetite?
release CCK
How might the pancreas inhibit appetite?
insulin release
How might adipose tissue inhibit appetite?
leptin release
Which diseases are characterised by the hypermetabolic state?
most acute diseases and injuries
What are some challanges faced by the elderly with regards to appetite?
appetite decreased
perception of taste is altered
capacity to eat is decreased
maintaining positive nitrogen balance is challenging
With regards to dietary deficiency, what are the 2 types of anaemia?
Vitamin B12 defiiency - pernicious
iron deficiency anaemia
What might cause pernicious anaemia?
gastrectomy or PPI
What effect does insulin have on muscle cells?
increased aa uptake
glycogen synthesis
what effect does insulin have on liver cells?
increased aa uptake
increased glycogen synthesis
increased lipogenesis
decreased gluconeogenesis
What effect does insulin have on adipose tissue?
increased glucose uptake
increassed lipogenesis
decreased lipolysis
What effect would insulin have on lipolysis?
it would inhibit it
What effect does adrenaline have on lipolysis, why?
it stimulates it
we want more energy, so we want to liberate more fatty acids and glycerol
How does fructose affect insulin secretion?
Why is this important?
is doesn’t sitmulate it!
therefore we will increase our intake of food
