anxiolytics Flashcards
buspirone (trade name) is….
class of drug?
BuSpar
alprazolam (trade name) is….
class of drug?
Xanax
benzodiazepine
venlafaxine (trade name) is….
class of drug?
Effexor
SNRI
propanolol (trade name) is….
class of drug?
inderal
beta blocker
NT in anxiety
GABA
NE
5HT
OCD onset ? co-occurences?
onset usually early childhood; associated w co-occuring tic d/o
how is GABA involved in anxiety d/os?
dec GABA fxn (not enough GABA)
brain structures involved in anxiety d/os
locus coerulus (what does it do?)
Locus coeruleus is involved in enhancing physiological responses to fear and panic
where is there a high density of GABA receptors?
hippocampus
barbituates
non-barbituate sedatives
flumazenil
(what does it do? used for?)
is a benzodiazepine antagonist
(used for benzo overdose)
benzodiazepine SE
Sedation, ataxia, confusion, cognitive/motor impairment, amnesia
Especially problematic in children/adolescents and elderly
Some evidence that impairments are semi-permanent
High liability for
what is the first choice of drugs for anxiety disorders?
SSRIs
drug classes better/worse at treating PTSD/OCD?
SSRI especially good; benzos are not
what is venlafaxine especially good for tmt of?
PD, social anx, GAD
issues w venlafaxine
Can increase BP; not recommended in elderly
Higher toxicity risk than other SSNRIs
beta blockers
(how do they work? primary use? psych uses? common ones?)
Block β-adrenergic receptors; decrease effects of epinephrine, NE, and cortisol
Primarily used to control cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension
Used most often for social
anxiety and performance anxiety
propanolol (Inderal)
atenolol (Tenormin)
anxiety and nutrition
how do benzodiazepines work?
Increases affinity of GABA binding site for GABA
GABAa agonist
Unlike other anxiolytics, beta-blockers primarily work:
peripherally
Drugs that reduce the activity of the _____________ seem to be particularly efficacious for treating Panic Disorder.
locus coerrulus
The anticipatory anxiety experienced by people who have panic attacks can sometimes progress to
agoraphobia
Venlafaxine is associated with a higher risk of ___________ in young (<24) patients.
suicide
Alprazolam is contraindicated in patients who
smoke
In addition to treating anxiety, Buspirone can be used to improve the ________________ side effects caused by SSRIs.
sexual
One of the biggest problems with carbamazepine is that it can induce
agranularcytosis
