alcohol and sedatives

Question 1

Ethanol is readily soluble in

Answer 1

both fat and water

Question 2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol because it converts __________ into ____________.

Answer 2

acetaldehyde; acetate

Question 3

The pharmacodynamic mechanism of naltrexone is to

Answer 3

block opiate receptors

Question 4

The most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant is

Answer 4

respiratory depression

Question 5

What percentage of automobile accidents that result in at least one fatality are thought to involve alcohol?

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

Zolpidem is a

Answer 6

non-benzodiazepine BZRA

Question 7

Severe acute liver toxicity can occur when alcohol is combined with

Answer 7

acetomenophin

Question 8

Eszoplicone has been FDA approved for continuous use up to

Answer 8

6 months

Question 9

What class of sedative is temazepam?

Answer 9

benzodiazepine

Question 10

Benzodiazepines have largely replaced treatment for insomnia for the following reasons

Answer 10

-they have a more rapid onset of effects
-they are safer
-they have shorter half lives

Question 11

what is the 1st most widely used psychoactive subsyance in the world

Answer 11

caffiene

Question 12

alcohol accounts for ____% of all car accidents and ___% of all fatal accidents

Answer 12

30 ; 50

Question 13

alcohol is absorbed in the ________

Answer 13

GI tract

Question 14

alcohol is ______ and ____ soluable

Answer 14

lipid & water

Question 15

alcohol half life is dependeny on ….. (4)

Answer 15

-size and weight
-individual metabolism rate
-related food intake
-the specific beverage consumed

Question 16

women metabolize ______ ethanol than men (why?)

Answer 16

less;

Less gastric metabolism
Less blood (less muscle)
More fat (alcohol concentrates in plasma)

Question 17

tolerance with alcohol

Answer 17

occurs w chronic, heavy use; does not tend to occur in sporadic or light drinkers

Question 18

alcohol can lead to….

Answer 18

-Liver damage
-Hepatitis/cirrhosis
-75% of alcoholism deaths
-12th cause of death in US

Question 19

how are you most likely to die from alcohol toxicity?

Answer 19

respiratory depression

Question 20

how does antabuse (disulfram) work?

Answer 20

blocks metabolism, allowing acetaldehyde build-up.

Question 21

how does vivitrol/revia (naltrexone) work?

Answer 21

blocks opioid receptors, decreases reinforcing value of alcohol

Question 22

how does campral (acamprosate) work?

Answer 22

GABA agonist/glutamate NMDA antagonist

Question 23

how does wellbutrin (buproprion) work?

Answer 23

DA agonist

Question 24

how does chantix (varenicline) work?

Answer 24

nicotinic partial agonist

Question 25

how does accomplia (rimonabant) work?

Answer 25

cannabinoid antagnoist

Question 26

who are serotonin agonists best used for to maintain alcohol abstience?

Answer 26

best for pxts who started drinking later and less psychopathology

Question 27

issues w barbituates

Answer 27

low safety index

Question 28

dalmane, dormalin, prosam, and restoril (BZDs) have….

Answer 28

active metabolites

Question 29

halcion, versed, rohypnol have a _______ ED50 lower than their _______ ED50

Answer 29

amnestic; somnolent

Question 30

flurazepam (Dalmane) is more effective (when/why)?

Answer 30

More effective the longer you take it due to accumulation of active metabolite with long half-life

Question 31

triazolam (halcion) is best used for….

Answer 31

sleep-onset insomnia

Question 32

flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is an …..

Answer 32

amnestic

Question 33

pro of non-benozdiazepine BZRAs

Answer 33

lower risk for dependence

Question 34

eszopiclone (trade name) / use

Answer 34

Lunesta

treats insomnia

Question 35

daridorexant (trade name) / use

Answer 35

quiviviq

use for insomnia

dual orexin receptor antagonist (neuropeptide)

Question 36

temazepam (trade name) /use / class of drug

Answer 36

Restoril

short term management of insomnia

benzodiazepine

Question 37

Zolpidem is used as a sleep aid because it has a relatively ___________ half-life and __________ metabolites.

Answer 37

Short; inactive

Question 38

A reason that women have higher blood ethanol levels than men, after accounting for size/body weight, is because women have

Answer 38

lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system

Question 39

Temazepam is listed as pregnancy category ______.

Answer 39

X