Antiinfectives Flashcards
0
Q
classes of antibiotics (9)
A
suflonamides penicillins tetracyclines fluoroquinolones cephalosporins macrolides lincosamides nitroimidazoles antituberculosis agents
1
Q
3 types of antiinfectives
A
antibiotics
antifungals
antivirals
2
Q
sulfonamides (4)
A
-ind. for UTIs and cystitis Bactrim DS Septra DS Macrodantin Macrobid
3
Q
UTI
A
urinary tract infection
4
Q
cystitis
A
inflammation of the bladder
5
Q
Bactrim DS, Septra DS
A
sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim DS
- sulfonamide, not a sulfonamide
- pt. counseling: take with PLENTY of water, may cause phototoxic reactions so be careful in UV light, and finish all medication
- drug interaction between ACE inhibitors and ARBs with sulfonamides: 7-fold increase in hyperkalemia*
6
Q
phototoxic reaction of Bactrim DS and Septra DS
A
drug is in the skin, UV light activates the drug, drug emits energy into the skin, and it burns (resembles a sunburn)
7
Q
Macrodantin, Macrobid
A
nitrofurantoin
- sulfonamide
- pt. counseling: take WITH food, makes urine a rust color, finish all medication
8
Q
phenazopyridine
A
- analgesic
- it is a reddish dye that has a local anesthetic effect on the urinary tract mucosa
- NOT an antibiotic- relieves burning on urination assoc. w/ UTIs, does not cure them
- pt. counseling: drink plenty of water and turns urine brownish-red color (stains clothing)
9
Q
Pyridium
A
phenazopyridine
- analgesic
- 100mg, 200mg (Rx only)
10
Q
Azo-standard
A
phenazopyridine
- analgesic
- 95mg (OTC)
11
Q
crystalluria
A
excretion of crystals in the urine
12
Q
penicillins (4)
A
-pt. counseling: finish ALL medication penicillin ampicillin amoxicillin Moxatag
13
Q
penicillin
A
- penicillin
- take on an EMPTY stomach
14
Q
ampicillin
A
- penicillin
- take on an ES
15
Q
amoxicillin
A
- penicillin
- take w/o regard to meals
16
Q
Moxatag
A
amoxicillin ER
- penicillin
- qday
17
Q
tetracyclines (4)
A
tetracycline
minocycline
doxycycline
Periostat
18
Q
tetracycline pt. counseling
A
- do NOT take with di- or trivalent cations b/c it will chelate with them
- cause phototoxic reactions
- finish ALL medication
19
Q
chelation
A
formation of complexes with di- or trivalent cations
20
Q
tetracycline
A
-tetracycline
21
Q
minocycline
A
-tetracycline
22
Q
doxycycline
A
-tetracycline
23
Q
Periostat
A
doxycycline
- tetracycline
- ind. for periodontitis
- 20mg - not antibacterial at this strength
- inhibits collagenase
24
collagenase
enzyme that causes inflammation
25
periodontitis
inflammatory condition around teeth that can lead to tooth loss
26
oral fluoroquinolones (6)
```
Cipro
Noroxin
ofloxacin
Levaquin
Avelox
Factive
```
27
oral fluoroquinolone pt. counseling
1. finish ALL medication
2. do NOT take with di- or trivalent cations
3. may cause phototoxicity
4. BBW: may cause achilles or other tendon rupture
- -do NOT give to pts. under 18 b/c risk for tendon rupture is higher
28
Cipro
ciprofloxacin
| -fluoroquinolone
29
Noroxin
norfloxacin
| -fluoroquinolone
30
ofloxacin
-fluoroquinolone
31
Levaquin
levofloxacin
| -fluoroquinolone
32
Avelox
moxifloxacin
| -fluoroquinolone
33
Factive
gemifloxacin
| -fluoroquinolone
34
ophthalmic fluoroquinolones (6)
```
-ind. for bacterial conjunctivitis
Zymaxin
Ocuflox
Ciloxan
Besivance
Vigamox
Moxeza
```
35
Zymaxin
gatifloxacin
| -ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
36
bacterial conjuctivitis
pink eye
37
Ocuflox
ofloxacin
| -ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
38
Ciloxan
ciprofloxacin
| -ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
39
Besivance
besifloxacin
| -ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
40
Vigamox
moxifloxacin 0.5%
- ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
- TID
41
Moxeza
moxifloxacin 0.5%
- ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
- BID
42
cephalosporin facts
- if allergic to penicillins, may be allergic to cephalosporins (5% chance)
- the higher the generation, the greater the gram negative activity and the lesser the gram positive activity
- finish all medication
43
1st generation cephalosporins (2)
cefadroxil
| Keflex
44
cefadroxil
-1st generation cephalosporin
45
Keflex
cephalexin
| -1st generation cephalosporin
46
2nd generation cephalosporins (3)
cefaclor
Cefzil
Ceftin
47
cefaclor
-2nd generation cephalosporin
48
Cefzil
cefprozil
| -2nd generation cephalosporin
49
Ceftin
cefuroxime
| -2nd generation cephalosporin
50
3rd generation cephalosporins (4)
cefdinir
cefpodoxime
Spectracef
Suprax
51
cefdinir
- 3rd generation cephalosporin
- pt. counseling: avoid antacids while taking, oral suspension may cause red stool, do NOT refrigerate after reconstitution b/c viscosity increases greatly
52
cefpodoxime
-3rd generation cephalosporin
53
Spectracef
cefditoren
- 3rd generation cephalosporin
* take WITH food*
54
Suprax
cefixime
| -3rd generation cephalosporin
55
macrolides (5)
-if allergic to one, may be allergic to all
-finish all medication
erythromycin
Biaxin
Zithromax
Z-Max
AzaSite
56
erythromycin
- macrolide
| * take WITH food*
57
Biaxin
clarithromycin
- macrolide
* take WITH food*
58
Zithromax
azithromycin
- macrolide
- tablet: 250, 500mg
- powder for oral suspension: 100mg/5mL or 200mg/5mL - reconstituted in the pharmacy
- 1g powder packet: ind. for chlamydia - reconstituted by pt. in 60mL of water and taken as single dose
- pt. counseling: avoid antacids, can be taken with or without food
59
Z-Max
azithromycin ER microspheres for oral suspension
- macrolide
- 2g single dose bottle
- reconstituted in pharmacy, pt. must drink within 12 hr on ES
60
AzaSite
azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution
- macrolide
- ind. for bacterial conjunctivitis
* refrigerate in pharmacy*
61
bacterial conjunctivitis
pink eye
62
lincosamides (4)
```
-finish all medication and all oral dosage forms may turn stool black
Cleocin
Cleocin Vaginal Cream
Cleocin Ovules
Cleocin T
```
63
Cleocin
clindamycin
- lincosamide
- capsule: 150, 300mg
- granules for oral suspension: 75mg/5mL - do NOT refrigerate after reconstitution
64
Cleocin Vaginal Cream
clindamycin 2% vaginal cream
- lincosamide
- ind. for bacterial vaginosis
- insert one applicatorful vaginally qHS x7D
65
Cleocin ovules
clindamycin 100mg vaginal suppository(capsule)
- lincosamide
- ind. for bacterial vaginosis
- insert one capsule qday X3D
66
Cleocin T
clindamycin 1% topical dosage forms
- lincosamide
- ind. for acne
67
nitroimidazoles (5)
```
-effective against bacteria and protozoa
Flagyl
MetroGel Vaginal
Vandazole Vaginal
MetroLotion
MetroCream
```
68
nitroimidazole pt. counseling
- do NOT drink alcohol - may cause a disulfiram-like reaction (10% incidence)
- oral metronidazole + alcohol = vomiting
- -avoid alcohol for 3 days after finishing therapy
- -it is possible but not likely with other dosage forms
69
Flagyl
metronidazole
- nitroimidazole
- ind. for trichomoniasis
- tablet: 250, 500mg
- 250mg TID X7D or 2g as a single dose (most popular)
70
trichomoniasis
- infection by Trichomonas vaginalis - a protozoan
- females are symptomatic (vaginal burning/discharge), males are asymptomatic
- -MUST treat both partners or man will keep infecting the woman
71
MetroGel Vaginal, Vandazole Vaginal
metronidazole vaginal 0.75%
- nitroimidazole
- ind. for bacterial vaginosis
- insert one applicatorful qHS X5D
72
MetroLotion
metronidazole 0.75% lotion
- nitroimidazole
- ind. for rosacea
- BID
73
MetroCream
metronidazole 0.75% cream
- nitroimidazole
- ind. for rosacea
74
rosacea
skin inflammation affecting the middle third of the face
| -characterized by erythema
75
erythema
redness
76
rhinophyma
swollen, bumpy nose resulting from untreated rosacea
77
Azelex
azelaic acid 20%
- ind. for rosacea
- BID
78
Finacea
azelaic acid 15%
- ind. for rosacea
- BID
79
Antabuse
disulfiram
- NOT an antibiotic
- ind. for alcoholism in pts. who want enforced sobriety
- inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase which causes build up of aid aldehyde and makes pt. very sick
- do NOT start until pt. has had no alcohol for at least 12 hours; must wait 2 weeks after stopping disulfiram before drinking alcohol
80
antituberculosis agents (3)
-all used together
Rifadin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
81
Rifadin
rifampin
- antituberculosis agent
- pt. counseling: all body secretions are discolored orange, decreases effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives (pt. will need to use alternative method), and take on an ES
82
isoniazid
-antituberculosis agent
83
pyrazinamide
-antituberculosis agent
84
Xifaxan
rifaximin
- antibiotic
- ind. for Travelers Diarrhea (caused by E. Coli)
- do NOT take if allergic to rifampin; structurally similar
85
topical antifungals (10)
```
-all but ciclopirox lacquer ind. for tinea corporis, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris
Tinactin
Lotrimin AF
Loprox
ketoconazole
Lamisil AT
econazole
Ertaczo
Lotrimin Ultra
Mentax
ciclopirox lacquer
```
86
tinea corporis
ringworm
87
tinea pedis
athlete's foot
88
tinea cruris
jock itch
89
tinea unguium, onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
90
Tinactin
tolnaftate
| -topical antifungal
91
Lotrimin AF
clotrimazole
| -topical antifungal
92
Loprox
ciclopirox
| -topical antifungal
93
ketoconazole
-topical antifungal
94
Lamisil AT
terbinafine
- topical antifungal
- SALAD with Lamictal- lamotrigine
95
econazole
-topical antifungal
96
Ertaczo
sertaconazole
| -topical antifungal
97
Lotrimin Ultra, Mentax
butenafine
| -topical antifungal
98
ciclopirox lacquer
- topical antifungal
- ind. for onychomycosis
- paint the nail at bedtime, then paint over previous coats qHS X7D
- only 12% of pts. see improvement after 1yr of Tx
99
oral antifungal classes
triazoles
| imidazoles
100
triazoles (4)
Diflucan
Sporanox
Vfend
Noxafil
101
Diflucan
fluconazole
| -triazole
102
Sporanox
itraconazole
| -triazole
103
Vfend
voriconazole
- triazole
- take on ES
104
Noxafil
posaconazole
- triazole
- take WITH food
105
imidazoles (3)
ketoconazole
clotrimazole
miconazole
106
ketoconazole oral
- imidazole - oral antifungal
- needs to be taken 2hr before antacids, the lower the pH the better it is absorbed
- sometimes given for skin infections, if you work out about 2hr after taking pill it will concentrate on the skin if you sweat
107
clotrimazole
-imidazole
108
miconazole
-imidazole
109
Grifulvin V, Gris-PEG
griseofulvin
- oral antifungal
- take WITH food
