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Dispensing F13 Exam II > Antiinfectives > Flashcards

Antiinfectives Flashcards

0
Q

classes of antibiotics (9)

A 
suflonamides
penicillins
tetracyclines
fluoroquinolones
cephalosporins
macrolides
lincosamides
nitroimidazoles
antituberculosis agents
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1
Q

3 types of antiinfectives

A

antibiotics
antifungals
antivirals

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2
Q

sulfonamides (4)

A 
-ind. for UTIs and cystitis
Bactrim DS
Septra DS
Macrodantin
Macrobid
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3
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

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4
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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5
Q

Bactrim DS, Septra DS

A

sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim DS

  • sulfonamide, not a sulfonamide
  • pt. counseling: take with PLENTY of water, may cause phototoxic reactions so be careful in UV light, and finish all medication
  • drug interaction between ACE inhibitors and ARBs with sulfonamides: 7-fold increase in hyperkalemia*
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6
Q

phototoxic reaction of Bactrim DS and Septra DS

A

drug is in the skin, UV light activates the drug, drug emits energy into the skin, and it burns (resembles a sunburn)

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7
Q

Macrodantin, Macrobid

A

nitrofurantoin

  • sulfonamide
  • pt. counseling: take WITH food, makes urine a rust color, finish all medication
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8
Q

phenazopyridine

A
  • analgesic
  • it is a reddish dye that has a local anesthetic effect on the urinary tract mucosa
  • NOT an antibiotic- relieves burning on urination assoc. w/ UTIs, does not cure them
  • pt. counseling: drink plenty of water and turns urine brownish-red color (stains clothing)
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9
Q

Pyridium

A

phenazopyridine

  • analgesic
  • 100mg, 200mg (Rx only)
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10
Q

Azo-standard

A

phenazopyridine

  • analgesic
  • 95mg (OTC)
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11
Q

crystalluria

A

excretion of crystals in the urine

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12
Q

penicillins (4)

A 
-pt. counseling: finish ALL medication
penicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
Moxatag
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13
Q

penicillin

A
  • penicillin

- take on an EMPTY stomach

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14
Q

ampicillin

A
  • penicillin

- take on an ES

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15
Q

amoxicillin

A
  • penicillin

- take w/o regard to meals

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16
Q

Moxatag

A

amoxicillin ER

  • penicillin
  • qday
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17
Q

tetracyclines (4)

A

tetracycline
minocycline
doxycycline
Periostat

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18
Q

tetracycline pt. counseling

A
  • do NOT take with di- or trivalent cations b/c it will chelate with them
  • cause phototoxic reactions
  • finish ALL medication
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19
Q

chelation

A

formation of complexes with di- or trivalent cations

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20
Q

tetracycline

A

-tetracycline

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21
Q

minocycline

A

-tetracycline

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22
Q

doxycycline

A

-tetracycline

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23
Q

Periostat

A

doxycycline

  • tetracycline
  • ind. for periodontitis
  • 20mg - not antibacterial at this strength
  • inhibits collagenase
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24
Q

collagenase

A

enzyme that causes inflammation

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25
Q

periodontitis

A

inflammatory condition around teeth that can lead to tooth loss

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26
Q

oral fluoroquinolones (6)

A 
Cipro
Noroxin
ofloxacin
Levaquin
Avelox
Factive
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27
Q

oral fluoroquinolone pt. counseling

A
  1. finish ALL medication
  2. do NOT take with di- or trivalent cations
  3. may cause phototoxicity
  4. BBW: may cause achilles or other tendon rupture
    - -do NOT give to pts. under 18 b/c risk for tendon rupture is higher
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28
Q

Cipro

A

ciprofloxacin

-fluoroquinolone

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29
Q

Noroxin

A

norfloxacin

-fluoroquinolone

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30
Q

ofloxacin

A

-fluoroquinolone

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31
Q

Levaquin

A

levofloxacin

-fluoroquinolone

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32
Q

Avelox

A

moxifloxacin

-fluoroquinolone

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33
Q

Factive

A

gemifloxacin

-fluoroquinolone

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34
Q

ophthalmic fluoroquinolones (6)

A 
-ind. for bacterial conjunctivitis
Zymaxin
Ocuflox
Ciloxan
Besivance
Vigamox
Moxeza
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35
Q

Zymaxin

A

gatifloxacin

-ophthalmic fluoroquinolone

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36
Q

bacterial conjuctivitis

A

pink eye

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37
Q

Ocuflox

A

ofloxacin

-ophthalmic fluoroquinolone

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38
Q

Ciloxan

A

ciprofloxacin

-ophthalmic fluoroquinolone

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39
Q

Besivance

A

besifloxacin

-ophthalmic fluoroquinolone

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40
Q

Vigamox

A

moxifloxacin 0.5%

  • ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
  • TID
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41
Q

Moxeza

A

moxifloxacin 0.5%

  • ophthalmic fluoroquinolone
  • BID
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42
Q

cephalosporin facts

A
  • if allergic to penicillins, may be allergic to cephalosporins (5% chance)
  • the higher the generation, the greater the gram negative activity and the lesser the gram positive activity
  • finish all medication
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43
Q

1st generation cephalosporins (2)

A

cefadroxil

Keflex

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44
Q

cefadroxil

A

-1st generation cephalosporin

45
Q

Keflex

A

cephalexin

-1st generation cephalosporin

46
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins (3)

A

cefaclor
Cefzil
Ceftin

47
Q

cefaclor

A

-2nd generation cephalosporin

48
Q

Cefzil

A

cefprozil

-2nd generation cephalosporin

49
Q

Ceftin

A

cefuroxime

-2nd generation cephalosporin

50
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins (4)

A

cefdinir
cefpodoxime
Spectracef
Suprax

51
Q

cefdinir

A
  • 3rd generation cephalosporin
  • pt. counseling: avoid antacids while taking, oral suspension may cause red stool, do NOT refrigerate after reconstitution b/c viscosity increases greatly
52
Q

cefpodoxime

A

-3rd generation cephalosporin

53
Q

Spectracef

A

cefditoren

  • 3rd generation cephalosporin
  • take WITH food*
54
Q

Suprax

A

cefixime

-3rd generation cephalosporin

55
Q

macrolides (5)

A

-if allergic to one, may be allergic to all
-finish all medication
erythromycin
Biaxin
Zithromax
Z-Max
AzaSite

56
Q

erythromycin

A
  • macrolide

* take WITH food*

57
Q

Biaxin

A

clarithromycin

  • macrolide
  • take WITH food*
58
Q

Zithromax

A

azithromycin

  • macrolide
  • tablet: 250, 500mg
  • powder for oral suspension: 100mg/5mL or 200mg/5mL - reconstituted in the pharmacy
  • 1g powder packet: ind. for chlamydia - reconstituted by pt. in 60mL of water and taken as single dose
  • pt. counseling: avoid antacids, can be taken with or without food
59
Q

Z-Max

A

azithromycin ER microspheres for oral suspension

  • macrolide
  • 2g single dose bottle
  • reconstituted in pharmacy, pt. must drink within 12 hr on ES
60
Q

AzaSite

A

azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution

  • macrolide
  • ind. for bacterial conjunctivitis
  • refrigerate in pharmacy*
61
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

pink eye

62
Q

lincosamides (4)

A 
-finish all medication and all oral dosage forms may turn stool black
Cleocin
Cleocin Vaginal Cream
Cleocin Ovules
Cleocin T
63
Q

Cleocin

A

clindamycin

  • lincosamide
  • capsule: 150, 300mg
  • granules for oral suspension: 75mg/5mL - do NOT refrigerate after reconstitution
64
Q

Cleocin Vaginal Cream

A

clindamycin 2% vaginal cream

  • lincosamide
  • ind. for bacterial vaginosis
  • insert one applicatorful vaginally qHS x7D
65
Q

Cleocin ovules

A

clindamycin 100mg vaginal suppository(capsule)

  • lincosamide
  • ind. for bacterial vaginosis
  • insert one capsule qday X3D
66
Q

Cleocin T

A

clindamycin 1% topical dosage forms

  • lincosamide
  • ind. for acne
67
Q

nitroimidazoles (5)

A 
-effective against bacteria and protozoa
Flagyl
MetroGel Vaginal
Vandazole Vaginal
MetroLotion
MetroCream
68
Q

nitroimidazole pt. counseling

A
  • do NOT drink alcohol - may cause a disulfiram-like reaction (10% incidence)
  • oral metronidazole + alcohol = vomiting
  • -avoid alcohol for 3 days after finishing therapy
  • -it is possible but not likely with other dosage forms
69
Q

Flagyl

A

metronidazole

  • nitroimidazole
  • ind. for trichomoniasis
  • tablet: 250, 500mg
  • 250mg TID X7D or 2g as a single dose (most popular)
70
Q

trichomoniasis

A
  • infection by Trichomonas vaginalis - a protozoan
  • females are symptomatic (vaginal burning/discharge), males are asymptomatic
  • -MUST treat both partners or man will keep infecting the woman
71
Q

MetroGel Vaginal, Vandazole Vaginal

A

metronidazole vaginal 0.75%

  • nitroimidazole
  • ind. for bacterial vaginosis
  • insert one applicatorful qHS X5D
72
Q

MetroLotion

A

metronidazole 0.75% lotion

  • nitroimidazole
  • ind. for rosacea
  • BID
73
Q

MetroCream

A

metronidazole 0.75% cream

  • nitroimidazole
  • ind. for rosacea
74
Q

rosacea

A

skin inflammation affecting the middle third of the face

-characterized by erythema

75
Q

erythema

A

redness

76
Q

rhinophyma

A

swollen, bumpy nose resulting from untreated rosacea

77
Q

Azelex

A

azelaic acid 20%

  • ind. for rosacea
  • BID
78
Q

Finacea

A

azelaic acid 15%

  • ind. for rosacea
  • BID
79
Q

Antabuse

A

disulfiram

  • NOT an antibiotic
  • ind. for alcoholism in pts. who want enforced sobriety
  • inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase which causes build up of aid aldehyde and makes pt. very sick
  • do NOT start until pt. has had no alcohol for at least 12 hours; must wait 2 weeks after stopping disulfiram before drinking alcohol
80
Q

antituberculosis agents (3)

A

-all used together
Rifadin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide

81
Q

Rifadin

A

rifampin

  • antituberculosis agent
  • pt. counseling: all body secretions are discolored orange, decreases effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives (pt. will need to use alternative method), and take on an ES
82
Q

isoniazid

A

-antituberculosis agent

83
Q

pyrazinamide

A

-antituberculosis agent

84
Q

Xifaxan

A

rifaximin

  • antibiotic
  • ind. for Travelers Diarrhea (caused by E. Coli)
  • do NOT take if allergic to rifampin; structurally similar
85
Q

topical antifungals (10)

A 
-all but ciclopirox lacquer ind. for tinea corporis, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris
Tinactin
Lotrimin AF
Loprox
ketoconazole
Lamisil AT
econazole
Ertaczo
Lotrimin Ultra
Mentax
ciclopirox lacquer
86
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm

87
Q

tinea pedis

A

athlete’s foot

88
Q

tinea cruris

A

jock itch

89
Q

tinea unguium, onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail

90
Q

Tinactin

A

tolnaftate

-topical antifungal

91
Q

Lotrimin AF

A

clotrimazole

-topical antifungal

92
Q

Loprox

A

ciclopirox

-topical antifungal

93
Q

ketoconazole

A

-topical antifungal

94
Q

Lamisil AT

A

terbinafine

  • topical antifungal
  • SALAD with Lamictal- lamotrigine
95
Q

econazole

A

-topical antifungal

96
Q

Ertaczo

A

sertaconazole

-topical antifungal

97
Q

Lotrimin Ultra, Mentax

A

butenafine

-topical antifungal

98
Q

ciclopirox lacquer

A
  • topical antifungal
  • ind. for onychomycosis
  • paint the nail at bedtime, then paint over previous coats qHS X7D
  • only 12% of pts. see improvement after 1yr of Tx
99
Q

oral antifungal classes

A

triazoles

imidazoles

100
Q

triazoles (4)

A

Diflucan
Sporanox
Vfend
Noxafil

101
Q

Diflucan

A

fluconazole

-triazole

102
Q

Sporanox

A

itraconazole

-triazole

103
Q

Vfend

A

voriconazole

  • triazole
  • take on ES
104
Q

Noxafil

A

posaconazole

  • triazole
  • take WITH food
105
Q

imidazoles (3)

A

ketoconazole
clotrimazole
miconazole

106
Q

ketoconazole oral

A
  • imidazole - oral antifungal
  • needs to be taken 2hr before antacids, the lower the pH the better it is absorbed
  • sometimes given for skin infections, if you work out about 2hr after taking pill it will concentrate on the skin if you sweat
107
Q

clotrimazole

A

-imidazole

108
Q

miconazole

A

-imidazole

109
Q

Grifulvin V, Gris-PEG

A

griseofulvin

  • oral antifungal
  • take WITH food

Dispensing F13 Exam II (18 decks)

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