Antibiotics Flashcards
True/false: penicillin (on its own) is broad spectrum.
False
Penicillin on its own is narrow spectrum.
Amoxicillin is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
a) broad spectrum
Ampicillin is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
a) broad spectrum
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid is:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
a) broad spectrum
3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
Very broad spectrum.
They are also critically important and we should avoid using them.
Example: ceftiofur, cefovecin
3rd generation fluoroquinolones are:
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
Very broad spectrum.
They are critically important and we should avoid using.
Penicillin is effective against
a) gram positives
b) gram negatives
c) both
a) gram positives
Cannot be both because penicillin is narrow spectrum
TMPS is
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
a) broad spectrum
Nitroimidazoles are
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
Nitroimidazoles are effective against:
a) aerobes
b) anaerobes
b) anaerobes
Aminoglycosides are
a) broad spectrum
b) narrow spectrum
c) intermediate spectrum
c) intermediate spectrum
Macrolides are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
Lincosamides are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum
b) Intermediate spectrum
Tetracylines are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum
Very broad spectrum
Chloramphenicol is
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum
Very broad spectrum
Polymixins e.g. colistin are
a) broad spectrum
b) intermediate spectrum
c) narrow spectrum
c) narrow spectrum
They are also protected and we should not use.
Which are macrolides more effective against?
a) gram positives
b) gram negatives
a) gram positives
moderate-limited effect against gram negatives too
Doxycycline is a
Tetracycline
Procaine benzylpenicillin is a
beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin (narrow spectrum)
Amoxicillin is an
aminopenicillin
Ampicillin is an
aminopenicillin
Metronidazole is
a nitroimidazole
Nitroimidazole examples:
Metronidazole
Tiamulin is a
Pleuromutilin (Class C)
Clindamycin is a
Lincosamide (Class C)
Lincomycin is a
lincosamide (Class C)
Erythromycin is a
Macrolide (Class C)
Tylosin is a
Macrolide (Class C)
What class is amoxy/clav
Class C
Amikacin is
an aminoglycoside (Class C)
Gentamicin is
an aminoglycoside (Class C)
Neomycin is
an aminoglycoside (Class C)
Streptomycin is
an aminoglycoside (Class C)
Cefalexin is
a 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporin (Class C)
What class are tetrayclines?
Class D
What class are penicillins?
Class D
What class is TMPS?
Class D
What class are aminoglycosides (except spectomycin)?
Class C
What class are 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporins?
Class C
What class are amphenicols?
Class C
e.g. chloramphenicol, florfenicol
What class are lincosamides?
Class C
What class are pleuromutilins?
Class C
What class are macrolides?
Class C
What class is rifaximin?
Class C
What class are 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins e.g. ceftiofur?
Class B
What class are polymixins?
Class B
What class are quinolones?
Class B
Examples of quinolones
- Enrofloxacin
- Marbofloxacin
- (Fluoroquinolones are a type of quinolone)
What class is rifampicin?
Class A
AVOID
What class are carbapenems?
Class A
AVOID
Category D antibiotics
= prudence
* Use as first line treatments whenever possible
* As always, use only when medically necessary
Category C antibiotics
= caution
* Use only when there are no suitable Category D alternatives
Category B antibiotics
= restrict
* These are critically important in human medicine
* Should be used only when there are no Category C or D that would be clinically effective
* Use should be based on antimicrobial culture and sensitivity wherever possible
Category A antibiotics
- Not authorised as veterinary medicines in the EU
- Should not be used in food-producing animals; may be given to companion animals under exceptional circumstances (read = NEVER)
- Do not use these.
