1.1: Lung/respiratory pathology

Question 1

Aplasia

Answer 1

Lack of development of an organ

Question 2

Hypoplasia

Answer 2

Incomplete development of an organ

Question 3

Hypertrophy

Answer 3

Increased size of cells

Question 4

Hyperplasia

Answer 4

Increased number of cells

Question 5

Atrophy

Answer 5

Decreased number/size of cells

Question 6

Neoplasia

Answer 6

Abnormal growth of cells

Question 7

Answer 7

Cleft palate (palatoschisis)

Congenital anomaly

Question 8

Answer 8

BOAS: everted laryngeal saccules

Congenital anomaly

Question 9

Answer 9

BOAS: everted laryngeal saccules

Congenital anomaly

Question 10

Answer 10

Pulmonary oedema

Circulatory disturbance

Question 11

Answer 11

Pulmonary oedema

There are large amounts of foamy fluid in the trachea.

Air in trachea + fluid in lung = foam

Question 12

Answer 12

Bronchopneumonia

Inflammation: bovine enzootic pneumonia (calf pneumonia)

Question 13

Potential causes of this

Answer 13

Primarily viral: PI-3 virus, BRSV
Secondarily bacterial: Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica

Question 14

Erogenous

Answer 14

Route of entry: inhalation
e.g. infectious agents, toxic gases

Question 15

Haematogenous

Answer 15

Enters lungs via blood e.g. infectious agents, toxins

Question 16

Direct extension

Answer 16

Penetrating wounds, migrating awns, bites, oesophagus rupture, diaphragm perforation (hardware)

Question 17

What type of pneumonia is shown here?

Answer 17

Interstitial pnuemonia

Rib impressions - poor deflation
Gross distension

Question 18

How can interstitial pneumonia enter/develop in the lungs?

Answer 18

Via haematogeous/erogenous route

Question 19

Answer 19

Neoplasia

This was a case of metastatic sarcoma

Question 20

What types of pneumonia are there?

Answer 20

• Bronchopneumonia
• Aspiration pneumonia
• Granulomatous pneumonia
• Embolic pneumonia
• Interstitial pneumonia