20.9.2: Mature lame animal - trauma, luxations, surgery Flashcards

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3
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4
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Incongruent

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joint surfaces are abnormal in shape and do not articulate perfectly

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5
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Dysplasia

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abnormal joint development

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6
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Subluxation

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joint surfaces are displaced but maintain some contact

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7
Q

Luxation

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no contact maintained between joint syrfaces; describe the luxation by the position of the distal articular joint surface.

Aetiology
* Traumatic - common, takes considerable force e.g. RTA
* Acquired/ developmental - common e.g. hip dysplasia resulting in subluxation
* Congenital - rare

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8
Q

Diagnosis of luxations / subluxations

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  • Palpation under GA; compare both limbs
  • Radiography: orthogonal views are essential. Stressed view may be required to determine site and severity of subluxation. Examine for articular bone fragments which may make reduction impossible or unstable.
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9
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11
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12
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Options for treatment of acquired traumatic hip luxations

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  • Closed reduction - more successful in dog than cat
  • Open reduction
  • If this fails: arthroplasty or THR
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13
Q

Signalment for congenital luxations

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  • Rare
  • Toy breeds (shoulder), staffies (elbow)
  • The bones and joints are abnormal in shape so there are abnormal tensions on the joint and articulation
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14
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Management of congenital joint luxation

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Conservative
* Many animals show surprisingly little lameness which may be more mechanical than originated from pain
* Analgesia
* Weight restriction
* Physiotherapy

Surgical
* Difficult due to abnormally shaped articular surfaces
* Success improved by early interventions
* Salvage procedures (e.g. arthrodesis, arthroplasty, amputation) may be required

Image: congenital elbow luxation

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