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SMALL ANIMAL > 9.5.1: Anorexia in small mammals - Treatment > Flashcards

9.5.1: Anorexia in small mammals - Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Underlying principles for treatment of anorexia in all small mammals

A
  • Restore circulatory volume (fluid therapy)
  • Eliminate pain (analgesia)
  • Restore gastrointestinal motility (prokinetics)
  • Restore GI hydration (syringe feed q4hrs)
  • Prevent ulceration and hepatic lipidosis
  • Eliminate stress (correct husbandry/ handling)
  • Identify and treat underlying diseases
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2
Q

Analgesia drugs and routes for rabbits

A
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3
Q

Prokinetic drugs and routes for rabbits

A

Cisapride is coming off the market :(
* Use metoclopramide and ranitidine together as they work synergistically.
* Lidocaine CRI can also help motility

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4
Q

Fluid therapy options for rabbits

A
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5
Q

Which antibiotics are safe in hindgut and how will you remember this?

A
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6
Q

What is the anthelmintic of choice in small mammals?

A

Fenbendazole

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7
Q

What coccidiostats / coccidiocides can we use in small mammals?

A
  • TMPS
  • Toltrazuril
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8
Q

What medication can we use for gastric bloat in small mammals?

A

Simethicone - anecdotal evidence, method of action not understood

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9
Q

When might we use lactulose in a small mammal?

A
  • Lactulose = liver protectant, use when worried about hepatic lipidosis
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10
Q

What kennelling and general daily care considerations should you take into account regarding rabbits?

A
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11
Q

Treatment of gastric bloat

A
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12
Q

Treatment of dysbiosis / enterotoxaemia

A
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13
Q

Treatment of accumulated caecotrophs

A
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14
Q

Considerations for abdominal surgery in small mammals

A
  • GI surgery in rabbits / rodents is often v high risk; prognosis generally v poor
  • General principles and techniques as for cats: precise, delicate, and minimal tissue handling (adhesions form readily)
  • Ensure tissues are continually hydrated using warmed saline
  • Do not use powdered gloves
  • Materials: PDS, Vicryl, Monocryl - do not use catgut, rabbits have strong reactions
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15
Q

If a tooth snaps during a rabbit dental, what should you do?

A
  • The tooth roots are very deep - wait 4-6 weeks, then repeat the dental and remove it
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16
Q

Describe the differences in teeth between e.g. rabbits and hamsters

A
17
Q

True/false: it is fine to trim rabbit incisors with tooth cutters.

A

False
* Use a tiny circular saw or burr; place a syringe behind the incisors to protect the soft tissue.
* Do not use tooth cutters - these cause microfractures every time you use them.

18
Q

1

A
19
Q

2

A
20
Q

3

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21
Q

Treatment of dental abscesses in rabbits and guinea pigs

A
  • These animals for very thick pus -> abscesses must be surgically removed
  • You cannot aspirate the pus with a syringe and the abscess capsule must also be removed as it is too thick for antibiotics to penetrate
  • Remove and shell out the abscess and its lining/ capsule
  • Send a swab of pus for C&S
  • Keep the wound open by suturing the edges of the incision to the skin to allow proper drainage (marsupialisation)
  • Find and address the cause of the abscess (using radiographs or CT)
  • Remove the problem e.g. the tooth roots involved
22
Q

What is shown here?

A

Tooth root abscess
* Need to remove the teeth involved

23
Q

You have surgically removed an abscess in a rabbit and are waiting for C&S results from a swab you sent off. What antibiotic will you use in the mean time?

A
  • Injectable penicillin (IM) if owners can manage injections + metronidazole PO
  • TMPS PO + metronidazole PO (TMPS less effective compared to penicillin)
  • Do not use enrofloxacin - this is not first line!
24
Q

True/false: you should only starve rabbits for short periods before GA.

A

False!
DO NOT EVER STARVE RABBITS.
When starved they can gut stasis and this can kill.

25
Q

Describe a suitable nutritional support plan for a rabbit

A

SMALL ANIMAL (90 decks)

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