Anti-Viral Agents - HIV (week 10)

Question 1

What is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus?

Answer 1

Enzyme reverse transcriptase convert RNA to DNA

Question 2

What are the FOUR classes of antivirals for HIV?

Answer 2

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Nonnucleaoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
Protease Inhibitors (PI)
Integrase strang transfer inhibitors (INSTI)

Question 3

What are the two lab tests that tells us if the drug treatment for HIV is effective?

Answer 3

CD4 T-Cell count (Increased)

Plasma HIV RNA (viral load) (decreased)

Question 4

What is the MOA for NRTI’s?

Answer 4

Become incorporated in growing strand of viral DNA and compete with natural nucleoside triphosphate

Question 5

What are the common side effects of NRTI’s?

Answer 5

Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
Fatigue

Question 6

What are some serious effects of NRTI’s?

Answer 6

BLACK BOX WARNING - cause potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions in patients carrying the HLA-B*5701 mutation

Question 7

How should you administer NRTI’s?

Answer 7

Orally

Question 8

How long can it take for treatment to start working with NRTI’s?

Answer 8

Minimum of 4 to 5 months

Question 9

What is the MOA or NNRTI’s?

Answer 9

Bind to the active venter of reverse transcriptase enzyme and inhibits DNA replication

Question 10

What are the serious adverse effects of NNRTI’s?

Answer 10

Liver failure
Neurotoxicity
Prolonged QT intervals
Teratogenicity

Question 11

How should you administer NNRTI’s?

Answer 11

Orally, take on an empty stomach at bedtime

Question 12

What should you educate your patient who is taking NNRTI’s?

Answer 12

Women should use reliable contraception as well as a barrier method

Question 13

What is the MOA of Protease Inhibitors?

Answer 13

Binds to HIV protease preventing enzyme from cleaving HIV Polyproteins

Question 14

What are some common side effects of Protease inhibitors?

Answer 14

Hyperlipidemia
Hyperglycemia
Fat redistribution (metabolic syndrome)

Question 15

What are some serious side effects of Protease Inhibitors?

Answer 15

Diabetes Mellutis
Pancreatitis
Hepatitis

Question 16

How are Protease Inhibitors administrated?

Answer 16

Orally

Must be boosted with Ritonavir. Take with food and store at room temp

Question 17

Name an HIV fusion inhibitor

Answer 17

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

Question 18

What are the side effects of Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)?

Answer 18

Pneumonia

Injection site reactions

Question 19

What population is Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for?

Answer 19

Those at risk for HIV

Question 20

Highly effective for preventing HIV from sex or injection drug use

Answer 20

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

Question 21

What drugs are included in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis?

Answer 21

Truvada (NRTI) and Emtricitabine (NRTI)