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Block 8 drugs > Anti-Histamines and Prostaglandin/Leukotriene Agonist/Antagonist > Flashcards

Anti-Histamines and Prostaglandin/Leukotriene Agonist/Antagonist Flashcards

1
Q

Classic antihistamines work by

A

H1 receptor antagonist

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2
Q

Classic antihistamines treat

A

seasonal allergies

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3
Q

Classic antihistamine side effects

A

sedation, local anesthetic action, anticholinergic activity, anti-motion sickness activity, can cause an allergic reaction in sunburned skin

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4
Q

classic antihistamine’s unique properties

A

increases effects of other sedatives ethanol and barbiturates

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5
Q

classical antihistamines are

A

Diphenhydramine (benadryl) and Chlorpheniramine

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6
Q

Diphenhydramine is an

A

ethanolamine

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7
Q

Chlorpheniramine is a

A

alkylamine

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8
Q

Fexofenadine (allegra) MOA

A

second gen H1 receptor antagonist

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9
Q

fexofenadine treats

A

seasonal allergies

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10
Q

fexofenadine side effects

A

less sedation inducing than benadryl

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11
Q

Cimetidine MOA

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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12
Q

cimetidine treats

A

peptic ulcer and heart burn (gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD))

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13
Q

cimetidine side effects

A

supra-high doses as in zollinger-elison will cause gynecormastia

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14
Q

cimetidine unique properties

A

P450 inhibitor

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15
Q

Famotidine MOA

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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16
Q

famotidine treats

A

peptic ulcer and GERD

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17
Q

famotidine side effects

A

don’t use in pts with renal failure, newer gen H2 blocker doesn’t have P450 interaction

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18
Q

Cromolyn sodium MOA

A

stabilizes mast cell plasma membrane, reduces calcium entry blocking histamine release

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19
Q

cromolyn sodium treats

A

anti-allergen prophylactic therapy

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20
Q

cromolyn side effects

A

side effects are rare, some pts may show hypersensitivity

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21
Q

cromolyn unique properties

A

prophylactic, must be used prior to allergen exposure

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22
Q

omalizumab MOA

A

blocks IgE binding to mast cells

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23
Q

omalizumab treatment

A

prophylactic treatment of asthma

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24
Q

omalizumab side effects

A

injection site reaction, viral infections, upper resp infections, sinusitis, headache, sore throat

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25
Q

synthetic Prostaglandin E1 drug is

A

Alprostadil

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26
Q

Alprostadil MOA

A

smooth muscle relaxation/vasodialation

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27
Q

Alprostadil treats

A

maintenance of dustus arteriosus patency and erectile dysfunction

28
Q

alprostadil side effects

A

pain at injection sites, could cause hypotension but rare

29
Q

misoprostol MOA

A

PGE1 analog, cytoprotective, activates apical

30
Q

misoprostol treats

A

prevention of peptic ulcer disease, in combo with RU-486 terminate early pregnancies

31
Q

misoprostol side effects

A

diarrhea, abdominal pain, uterine contraction, not for use in pregnant women

32
Q

misoprostol unique properties

A

given with an NSAID for arthritis pain management.

33
Q

Dinoprostone MOA

A

PGE2 analog

34
Q

dinoprostone treats

A

induces labor

35
Q

Lubiprostone MOA

A

activates apical type II Cl- channels; EP receptor independent action

36
Q

Lubiprostone treats

A

treatment of chronic constipation and IBS

37
Q

lubiprostone side effects

A

minimal: decreases gastric emptying, n/d. don’t use in pats with mechanic GI obstruction

38
Q

lubiprostone unique properties

A

receptor independent action

39
Q

Carboprost is a synthetic

A

15-methyl prostaglandin PGF2alpha

40
Q

carboprost MOA

A

contracts uterus, decreases blood flow and bleeding

41
Q

carboprost treats

A

induces labor or controls post partum hemorrhage

42
Q

carboprost side effects

A

n/v/d, bronchoconstriction, may induce asthma attack

43
Q

carboprost unique properties

A

administered intra-amniotically to avoid systemic effects and modification delays its metabolism

44
Q

latanoprost is synthetic

A

stable analog PGF2alpha

45
Q

latanoprost MOA

A

FP receptor agonist; promotes outflow of aqueous humor and lowers intraocular pressure

46
Q

latanoprost treats

A

ophthalmic preparation, open angle glaucoma

47
Q

latanoprost side effects

A

causes drying of eyes, conjuntivitis,

48
Q

latanoprost unique properties

A

irreversible pigmentation of the iris and eyelashes

49
Q

what drugs works similar to latanoprost

A

travoprost

50
Q

synthetic PGI2 (prostacyclin) is

A

epoprostenol

51
Q

Epoprostenol MOA

A

vascular smooth muscle relaxation via increased camp, IP3/calcium

52
Q

epoprostenol treats

A

anti-thrombotic, vasodilator, anti-aggregatory, blocks plate activation, pulmonary and portopulmonary HTN

53
Q

epoprostenol side effects

A

flushing, headache, hypotension, n/d

54
Q

epoprostenol unique properties

A

product of COX-2, cox2 inhibition eliminates PGI2 while maintaining TXA2

55
Q

Iloprost MOA

A

vasodilator; decreases pulmonary arterial pressure

56
Q

Iloprost treats

A

pulmonary arterial hypertension

57
Q

Iloprost side effects

A

flushing, headache, hypotension, n/d

58
Q

Iloprost unique properties

A

used in primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension, delays or prevents need for lung/lung-heart transplantation

59
Q

-lukast

A

CysLTR1 and CysLTR2 antagonist

60
Q

-lukast MOA

A

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle in asthma; antagonizes LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

61
Q

-lukast treats

A

mild asthma

62
Q

-lukast drugs

A

Zafirlukast and Monelukast

63
Q

Zafirlukast unique properties

A

P450 interaction; affects warfarin metabolism, can be used in children of 6yo and older

64
Q

Montelukast unique properties

A

no P450, can be used in children 12yo and older

65
Q

zileuton MOA

A

lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor; blocks leukotriene production reducing bronchoconstricition

66
Q

Zileuton treats

A

asthma where interleukins contribute to symptoms

67
Q

Zileuton side effects

A

increases serum levels of theophyline and warfarin, maybe hepatotoxic, not for children under 12

Block 8 drugs (12 decks)

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