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Pharm Test 1 > Anti-coagulant, Anti-platelet, & Thrombolytic > Flashcards

Anti-coagulant, Anti-platelet, & Thrombolytic Flashcards

1
Q

What are anticoagulants used for?

A

primarily to prevent thrombosis in veins and the atria of the heart

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2
Q

What does a vitamin K antagonist due?

A

prevents synthesis/formation

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3
Q

If you are taking heparin, what is wrong?

A

You already have a problem. heparin is not a preventative drug

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4
Q

What is Heparin used for?

A

Preferred in pregnancy

MI, PE, Massive DVT

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Heparin?

A

Helps antithrombin inactivate clotting factors

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6
Q

What is Heparin an IV drug?

A

because of its short half life

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of heparin?

A

Bleeding

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

What do you want to assess before administering Heparin?

A 
BP
HR
CBC
Hematocrit
aPTT
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9
Q

If a patient has these in their PMH then they should not get Heparin?

A

Severe thrombocytopenia
Lumbar puncture
Surgery of the eye, brain, spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the reversal agent to heparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

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11
Q

What is the difference between Heparin and Lovenox?

A

Heparin:
Inactivates Fact Xa and Thrombin
Short 1/2 life
Inpatient only

Lovenox:
Less likely to develop HIT
Longer 1/2 life 
SubQ ONLY
Safe for outpatient use
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12
Q

What is another name for Warfarin?

A

Coumadin?

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13
Q

Name a Vitamin K antagonist

A

Warfarin

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14
Q

What is Warfarin used for?

A

Outpatient use for long-term Prophylaxis of thrombosis

Prevents venous clots and AFib clots

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15
Q

What is the MOA for Warfarin?

A

Blocks Vitamin K-dependant clotting factors and prothrombin from forming

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16
Q

What is warfarin bound too?

A

Albumin

17
Q

Why is Warfarin not meant for medical emergencies?

A

Because it has a delayed onset

18
Q

What are the adverse effects of Warfarin?

A

Fetal hemorrhage
Hemorrhage
Bleeding

19
Q

If a patient has this in their PMH they should not be prescribed Warfarin.

A

Severe thrombocytopenia
Pregnancy
Vitamin K deficiency
Liver disease

20
Q

What is the reversal agent to Warfarin?

A

Vitamin K (phytonodione)

21
Q

What is the MOA of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors?

A

Direct, reversible inhibitor of free and bound thrombin

22
Q

What is Dabigatran (Pradaxa) used for?

A

Prevents clots related to AFib, DVT’s, Knee of Hip replacement

23
Q

What is an adverse effect of Dabigatran (Pradaxa)?

A

Bleeding

24
Q

What is Argatroban used for?

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis in patients with HIT

25
Q

What are the prototypes of Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors?

A

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Apixaban (Eliquis)

26
Q

What is the MOA of Rivaroxaban and Apixaban?

A

Selective inhibition of factor Xa

27
Q

What are antiplatelets used for?

A

To prevent thrombosis in arteries

28
Q

What drug class is Clopidogrel (plavix) under?

A

Antiplatelet

29
Q

What is the MOA of Clopidogrel (Plavix)?

A

Irreversibly blocks ADP receptors preventing platelet aggregation

30
Q

What are the adverse effects of Clopidegral (Plavix)?

A

Bleeding

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

31
Q

What do you assess prior to administering Clopidegral?

A

Genetic testing

PMH: Active bleed, Undernourished

32
Q

What do you evaluate after administering Clopidogrel?

A

S/S of bleeding

33
Q

What are Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists often referred as?

A

Super Aspirins

34
Q

What are Glycoprotein IIb/IIa Receptor Antagonists used for?

A

Prevent ischemic events in patients with ACS or undergoing PCI

35
Q

What are the two prototypes of Glycoprotein IIb/IIa Receptor Antagonists?

A

Abciximab (Reopro)

Eptifibatide (Integrilin)

Pharm Test 1 (15 decks)

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