ANTH 1000 - Ch. 8

Question 1

Homo

Answer 1

The genus of bipeds that appeared 2.5 million years ago, characterized by increased brain size compared to earlier bipeds. The genus is divided into various species based on features such as brain size, skull shape, and cultural capabilities

Question 2

Oldowan tool tradition

Answer 2

The first stone tool industry, beginning between 2.5 and 2.6 million years ago.

Question 3

percussion method

Answer 3

a technique of stone tool manufacture performed by striking the raw material with a hammerstone or by striking raw material against a stone anvil to remove flakes

Question 4

Lower Paleolithic

Answer 4

The first part of the Old Stone Age beginning with the earliest Oldowan tools spanning from about 200,000 or 250,000 to 2.6 million years ago

Question 5

Homo habilis

Answer 5

“Handy man.” The first fossil members of the genus Homo appearing 2.5 million years ago, with larger brains and smaller faces than australopithecines

Question 6

gender

Answer 6

the cultural elaborations and meanings and assigned to the biological differentiation between the sexes

Question 7

marrow

Answer 7

the tissue inside of long bones where blood cells are produced

Question 8

tertiary scavenger

Answer 8

in a food chain, the third animal group (second to scavenge) to obtain meat from a kill made by a predator

Question 9

Acheulean tradition

Answer 9

The tool-making tradition of Homo erectus in Africa, Europe, and southwestern Asia in which hand-axes were developed from the earlier Oldowan chopper

Question 10

hypoglossal canal

Answer 10

the opening in the skull that accommodates the tongue controlling hypoglossal nerve

Question 11

archaic Homo sapiens

Answer 11

a loosely defined group within the genus Homo that “lumpers” use for fossils with the combination of large brain size and ancestral features on the skull

Question 12

Levalloisian technique

Answer 12

Tool-making technique by which three or four long triangular flakes were detached from a specially prepared core; developed by members of the genus Homo transitional from H, erectus to H. sapiens

Question 13

Neadertals

Answer 13

a distinct group within the genus Homo inhabiting Europe and southwestern Asia from approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago

Question 14

Middle Paleolithic

Answer 14

the middle part of the Old Stone Age characterized by the development of the Mousterian tradition of tool making and the earlier Lavlloisian traditions

Question 15

Mousterian tradition

Answer 15

the tool industry of the Neandertals and their contemporaries of Europe, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa from 40,000 to 125,000 years ago