ANTH 1000 - Ch. 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

The study of humankind in all times and places

Question 2

Holistic Perspective

Answer 2

a fundamental principle of anthropology; that the various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence

Question 3

Ethnocentrism

Answer 3

the belief that the ways of one’s own culture are the only proper ones.

Question 4

Culture-bound

Answer 4

looking at the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of one’s one culture

Question 5

applied anthropology

Answer 5

the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client

Question 6

medical anthropology

Answer 6

a specialization in anthropology that combines theoretical and applied approaches from cultural and biological anthropology with the study of human health and disease

Question 7

physical anthropology

Answer 7

the systematic study of humans as biological organisms; also known as biological anthropology

Question 8

molecular anthropology

Answer 8

a branch of biological anthropology that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evoluation, adaptation, and variation

Question 9

paleoanthropology

Answer 9

the study of origins and predecessors of the present human species; the study of human evolution

Question 10

bioculture

Answer 10

focusing on the interaction of biology and culture

Question 11

primatology

Answer 11

the study of living and fossil primates

Question 12

forensic anthropology

Answer 12

applied subfield of physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes

Question 13

cultural anthropology

Answer 13

also known as social or sociocultural anthropology the study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. It focuseson humans as culture - producing and culture - reproducing creatures

Question 14

culture

Answer 14

a society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior

Question 15

ethnography

Answer 15

a detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on field work

Question 16

field work

Answer 16

the term anthropologists use for on-location research

Question 17

participant observation

Answer 17

in ethnography, the technique of learning a people’s culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied as well as interviewing and discussion with individual members of the group over an extended period of time

Question 18

ethnology

Answer 18

the study and anlysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups.

Question 19

linguistic anthropology

Answer 19

the study of human languages - looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural contexts

Question 20

discourse

Answer 20

an extended communication on a particular subject

Question 21

archaeology

Answer 21

the study of human cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data

Question 22

bioarchaeology

Answer 22

the archaeological study of human remains, emphasizing the preservation of cultural and social processes in the skeleton

Question 23

cultural resource management

Answer 23

a branch of archaeology tied to government policies for the protection of cultural resources and involving surveying and/or excavating archaeological and historical remains threatened by construction or development

Question 24

empirical

Answer 24

based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith

Question 25

hypothesis

Answer 25

a tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena

Question 26

theory

Answer 26

in science, an explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a reliable body of data

Question 27

doctrine

Answer 27

an assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable

Question 28

informed consent

Answer 28

formal recorded agreement to participate in research; fede4rally mandated for all research in the U.S. and Europe

Question 29

globalization

Answer 29

worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in global movements of natural resources, trade oods, human labor, finance capital, information, and infectious diseases

Question 30

False

Answer 30

T or F: Anthropology is different from other disciplines that study humans in its greater attention to detail and its requirement that students master the anatomical details of the human body before they even begin to study diverse cultures.

Question 31

True

Answer 31

T or F: While ethnography is the in-depth study of a single culture, ethnology is the comparative study of culture.

Question 32

True

Answer 32

T or F: According the author, the first responsibility of the anthropologist is to the people studied.

Question 33

biology

Answer 33

Which of the following is not one of the four branches of anthropology?

Question 34

…it synthesizes data from many fields in an effort to describe human behavior as a whole.

Answer 34

Anthropology is different from other disciplines that study humans because __________.

Question 35

False

Answer 35

T or F: Ethnographic fieldwork is never done in Western societies

Question 36

Biological variation in human populations and evolution of human characteristics

Answer 36

Which of the following are broad research interests of physical anthropologists?

Question 37

False

Answer 37

T or F: Humans are mammals, specifically primates. However, they do not share a common ancestry, like apes do, with other primates.

Question 38

True

Answer 38

T or F: Your textbook suggests tha the concept of race emerged as an ideological vehicle for justifying European dominance over Africans and American Indians.

Question 39

…focus on humans as culture producing and re-producing creatures

Answer 39

Cultural anthropology is the study of patterns of human behavior. These standards __________.