ANTH 1000 - Ch. 14

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

a society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior

Question 2

enculturation

Answer 2

the process by which a society’s culture is passed on from one generations to the next and individuals become members of their society

Question 3

society

Answer 3

an organized group or groups of interdependent people who generally share a common territory, language, and culture and who act together for collective survivial and well-being

Question 4

gender

Answer 4

the cultural elaborations and means assigned to the biological differentiation between the sexes

Question 5

subculture

Answer 5

a distinctive set of ideas, values, and behavior patterns by which a group within a larger society aperates, while still sharing common standards with that larger society

Question 6

ethnic group

Answer 6

people who collectively and publicly identify themselves as a distinct group basedon cultural geatures such as common origin, language, customes and traditional beliefs

Question 7

ethnicity

Answer 7

this term, rooted in the Greek word ETHNIKOS (“nation”) and related ETHNOS (“custom”), is the expression for the set of cultural ideas held by an ethnic group

Question 8

pluralistic society

Answer 8

a society in which two or more ethnic groups or nationalities are politically organized into one territorial state but maintain their cultural differences

Question 9

symbol

Answer 9

a sign, sound, emblem, or other thing that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represents it in a meaningful way

Question 10

social structure

Answer 10

the rule-governed relationships - with all their rights and obligations - that hold members of a society together. This includes households, families, associations, and power relations, including politics

Question 11

infrastructure

Answer 11

the economic foundation of a society including its subsistence practices adn the tools and other material equipment used to make a living

Question 12

superstructure

Answer 12

a society’s shared sense of identity and worldview. The collective body of ideas, beliefs, and values by which members of a society make sense of the world - its shape, challenges and opportunities - and understand their place in it. This includes religion and national ideology

Question 13

cultural adaptation

Answer 13

a complex of ideas, activities and technologies that enables people to survive and even thrive in their environment

Question 14

cultural relativism

Answer 14

the idea that one must suspend judgement of other people’s practices in order to understand them in their own cultural terms

Question 15

…if you alter one aspect of culture, you can drastically affect and possibly even endanger the functioning of the whole

Answer 15

Culture is an integrated and interrelated whole, which means that _______________.

Question 16

genes

Answer 16

Which of the following is NOT a common aspect of culture

Question 17

True

Answer 17

T or F: No known human societies exist, or have existed, that do not exhibit culture.

Question 18

…are able to interpret and predict each other’s actions

Answer 18

People share the same culture if they ____________.

Question 19

enculturation

Answer 19

The process in which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next is called _____________.

Question 20

ethnocentrism

Answer 20

The belief that one’s own way of life is superior to others is __________.

Question 21

True

Answer 21

T or F: Cultures are changing more rapidly toady than they did in the past.

Question 22

integrated

Answer 22

Among the Kapauku Papuans of New Guinea, the fact that an attempt to eliminate warfare (which would create a more balanced sex ration) would affect the practice of polygyny, which would affect the economy (since women raise pigs, and the more wives a man has the more pigs he can keep), shows that culture is __________.

Question 23

(NOT biology)

Answer 23

Humans’ major mode of adaptation, which enables them to live effectively in diverse environments, is __________.

Question 24

(NOT … are independent of biological differences)

Answer 24

The cultural definitions of what it means to be a male or female today __________.