ANTH 1000 - Ch. 23 Flashcards
power
the ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own wants or wishes
political organization
the way power is accumulated, arranged, executred, and structurally distributed and embedded in society; the means through which a society creates and maintains social order.
band
a relatively small and loosely organized kin-ordered group that inhabits a common territory and that may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically and economically independent
tribe
in anthropology, refers to a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language, and territory
chiefdom
a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people
state
in anthropology, a political institution established to manage and defend a complex,socially stratified society occupying a defined territory
nation
a people who whare a collective identity based ona common culture, language, territorial base, and history
legitimacy
the right of political leaders to govern - to hold, use, and allocate power - on the socially accepted customs, rules, or laws that bind and hold a people together as a collective whole
cultural control
control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals
social control
external control through open coercion
sanction
an externalized social control designed to encourage conformity to social norms
law
formal rules of conduct that, when violated, effectuate negative sanctions
negotiation
the use of direct argument and compromise by the parties to a dispute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement
mediation
settlement of a dispute through negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party
adjudication
mediation with an unbiased third party making the ultimate decision
