ANTH 1000 - Ch. 3 Flashcards
nocturnal
active at night and at rest during the day
arboreal
living in the trees
diurnal
active during the day and rest at night
grade
a general level of biological organization seen among a group of species; useful for constructing evolutionary relationship
clade
a taxonomic grouping that contains a single common ancestor and all of its descendants
Prosimii
a suborder of primates that includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers
Anthropoidea
a suborder of the primates that includes New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes (including humans)
Strepsirhini
in the alternate primate taxonomy, the suborder that includes the lemurs and larises without the tarsiers
Haplorhini
in the alternate primate taxonomy, the suborder that includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans
Platyrrhini
a primate infraorder that include New World monkeys
Catarrhini
A primate infraorder that includes Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
hominoid
The taxonomic division superfamily withint the Old World primates that includes gibbons, siamangs, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans
hominid
African hominoid family that includes humans and their ancestors. Some scientists, recognizing the close relationship of humans, chimps, bonobos, and gorillas, use the term hominid to refer to all African hominoids. They then divide the hominid family into two subfamilies: the Paninae (chimps, bonobos, and gorillas) and the Homininae (humans and their ancestors).
hominin
the taxonomic subfamily or tribe within the primates that includes humans and our ancestors
dental formula
the number of each tooth type (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) on one half of each jaw. Unlike other mammals, primates posses equal numbers on their upper and lower jaws so the dental formula for the species is a single series of numbers
sexual dimorphism
within a single species, difference between males and females in the shape or size of a feature not directly related to reproduction, such as body size or canine tooth shape and size
binocular vision
vision with increased depth perception from two eyes set next to each other, allowing their visual fields to overlap
stereoscopic vision
complete three-dimensional vision (or depth perception) from binocular vision and nerve connections that run from each eye to both sides of the brain, allowing nerve cells to integrate the images derived from each eye
fovea centralis
a shallow pit in the retina of the eye that enables an animal to focus on an object while maintaining visual contact with its surroundings
ecological niche
a species’ way of life considered in the full context of its environment, including factors, such as diet, activity, terrain, vegetation, predators, prey, and climate
vertebrate
an animal with a backbone, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
cranium
the braincase of the skull
foramen magnum
a large opening in the skull through which the spinal cord passes and connects to the brain
clavicle
the collarbone connecting the sternum (breastbone) with the scapula (shoulder blade)
