Ankle/Foot Movement and Function Flashcards
What are the origins and insertions of the ankle dorsiflexors?
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
Simple: Origin @ the lateral condyle of the tibia and the fibula and inserts @ the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toes
Origin @ the lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal fibula and adjacent to the interosseus membrane. Inserts @ the dorsal aspects of the bases of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th toes
Extensor Hallucis Longus:
Simple: Origin @ the fibula to the big toe
Origin @ the medial surface of the fibula, adjacent to the interosseus membrane and inserts @ the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Tibialis Anterior:
Simple: Origin @ the lateral tibia and inserts @ the cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Origin @ the lateral condyle and the proximal half of the lateral tibia, adjacent to the interosseus membrane. Inserts @ the inferomedial aspect of the medial cuneiform bone and base of the 1st metatarsal bone
Fibularis Tertius: Origin @ the medial surface of the fibula and adjacent to the interosseous membrane. Inserts @ the dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th metatarsal
What are the origins and insertions of the ankle plantarflexers?
Flexor Digitorum Longus: Origin @ the posterior surface of the tibia and inserts @ the plantar aspects of the bases of the distal phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th toes
Flexor Hallucis Longus: Origin @ the posterior surface of the fibula adjacent to the interosseous membrane and inserts @ the plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Tibialis Posterior: Origin @ posterior surface of the tibia, inferior to the soleal line and adjacent to the interosseous membrane. Inserts @ the tuberosity of the navicular, plantar aspects of the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones and plantar aspects of the bases of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal bones
Superficial Triceps Surae:
Soleus :
Simple: Origin @ the lateral fibula and medial tibia. Inserts @ Achilles tendon
Origin @ the fibular head, posterior surface of the fibula, soleal line, and medial border of the tibia. Inserts @ the calcaneal tendon to the calcaneus
Medial Head and Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius: Origin @ the medial and lateral condyles and the supracondylar lines that lead to the linea aspera on the femur. Insert into the calcaneal tendon
Plantaris: Origin @ the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and crosses and inserts @ the calcaneal tendon
What are the origins and insertions of the ankle Inverters?
Tibialis Anterior: Origin @ the lateral tibia and inserts @ the dorsal aspect of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Tibialis Posterior: Origin @ the posterior lateral tibia and medial fibula and inserts @ the navicular tuberosity, the three cunieforms and the plantar aspects of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th toes
What are the origins and insertions of the ankle evertors?
Fibularis Tertius: Origin @ the fibula and inserts @ the dorsal aspect of the 5th metatarsal
Fibularis Brevis: Origin @ the lateral lower half of the fibula and inserts @ the lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
Fibularis Longus: Origin @ the head and lateral surface of the fibula and inserts on the plantar aspects of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal (Sling)
What are the origins and insertions of the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Extensor Digitorum Brevis:
Simple: Origin @ the dorsal aspect of the lateral calcaneus and inserts @ the proximal phalanx of the middle three toes
Extensor Hallucis Brevis:
Simple: Origin @ the dorsal aspect of the calcaneus and inserts @ proximal phalanx of the great toe
Dorsal Interossei: Origin @ the metatarsals and inserts @ the proximal phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes DABucts
What are the origins and insertions of the 1st layer (superficial layer) of intrinsic plantar ankle muscles?
Flexor Digitorum Brevis:
Simple: Origin off the calcaneal tuberosity and inserts @ the middle phalanx of the 2nd-5th toes
Abductor Digiti Minimi:
Simple: Origin @ the calcaneal tuberosity and inserts @ the proximal phalanx of the little toe (5th)
Abductor Hallucis:
Simple: Origin @ the calcaneal tuberosity and inserts @ the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
What are the origins and insertions of the intrinsic ankle plantar muscles of the 2nd layer?
Quadratus Plantae:
Simple: Origin @ the plantar surface of the calcaneus and inserts on the tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Lumbricals:
Simple: Origin @ the flexor digitorum longus and inserts @ the base of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd-5th toes.
What does the quadratus plantae do and where is it?
The quadratus plantae helps to flex the digits and also supports the arch of the foot. Its origin is at the calcaneous and it inserts into the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus muscle. It helps this extrinsic muscle to exert a directional pull.
What do the Lumbricals do and where are they?
They cause flexion @ the metatarsophalangeal joints and maintain interphalangeal joints in extension. They originate from the flexor digitorum longus muscle and insert @ the extensor hood mechanism for the toes (base of the proximal phalanx of digits)
What are the muscles in the 3rd layer of intrinsic plantar muscles and what do they do?
Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Helps flexor hallcuis longus to flex the great toe f
Flexor Digiti Minimi: Flexes the 5th digit
Transverse Head of Adductor Hallucis: Adducts great toe. Muscle lies transversely attached to the 3rd, 4th and 5th proximal metatarsals and inserts on great toe
Oblique Head of Adductor Hallucis: Adducts great toe. Muscle originates from the tarsal bones and inserts on medial portion of great toe
What is the muscle in the 4th layer of intrinsic plantar muscles and what does it do?
Plantar Interossei: PADducts at the metatarsophalangeal joints - Origin btw the metatarsals and inserts at the bases of the 3rd, 4th, 5th toes
