Ankle & Foot Goniometry

Question 1

Ankle Dorsiflexion (DF)

Answer 1

T: Prone with knee in extension and ankle off the table
PA: lateral midline of fibula to lateral epicondyle of knee
DA: Parallel to 5th metatarsal
F: lateral malleolus
Stabilization: ipsilateral talocrural joint

Question 2

Ankle DF ROM & End Feel

Answer 2

Normal ROM: 20 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to posterior joint capsule, muscle tension, or ligaments

Question 3

Ankle Plantarflexion (PF)

Answer 3

T: Prone with knee in extension and ankle off the table
PA: lateral midline of fibula to lateral epicondyle of knee
DA: Parallel to 5th metatarsal
F: lateral malleolus
Stabilization: ipsilateral talocrural joint

Question 4

Ankle PF ROM & End Feel

Answer 4

Normal ROM: 50 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to posterior joint capsule, muscle tension, or ligaments

Question 5

Inversion (tarsal joint)

Answer 5

T: Supine
PA: Anterior midline of tibia to tibial tuberosity
DA: Anterior midline of 2nd metatarsal
F: Center of anterior talocrural joint
Stabilization: Ipsilateral distal tibia and fibula

Question 6

Eversion (tarsal joint)

Answer 6

T: Supine
PA: Anterior midline of tibia to tibial tuberosity
DA: Anterior midline of 2nd metatarsal
F: Center of anterior talocrural joint
Stabilization: Ipsilateral distal tibia and fibula

Question 7

Inversion (tarsal) ROM & End Feel

Answer 7

Normal ROM: 30 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to joint capsule, muscle tension, or ligaments

Question 8

Eversion (tarsal) ROM & End Feel

Answer 8

Normal ROM: 20 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to joint capsule, muscle tension, or ligaments

Question 9

Inversion (subtalar joint)

Answer 9

T: Prone
PA: Midline of posterior gastrocnemius
DA: Posterior midline of calcaneus
F: Center of posterior talocrural joint
Stabilization: Ipsilateral distal tibia and fibula

Question 10

Eversion (subtalar joint)

Answer 10

T: Prone
PA: Midline of posterior gastrocnemius
DA: Posterior midline of calcaneus
F: Center of posterior talocrural joint
Stabilization: Ipsilateral distal tibia and fibula

Question 11

Inversion (subtalar joint) ROM & End Feel

Answer 11

Normal ROM: 5 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to lateral capsule and ligaments

Question 12

Eversion (subtalar joint) ROM & End Feel

Answer 12

Normal ROM: 5 degrees
End Feel:
-Firm due to muscle tension and ligaments
- Hard, if calcaneus contact the sinus tarsi

Question 13

MTP Great Toe Flexion

Answer 13

T: Supine
PA: Medial midline of first metatarsal
DA: Medial midline of first proximal phalanges
F: Medial portion of first MTP joint
Stabilization: Ipsilateral first metatarsal

Question 14

MTP Great Toe Extension

Answer 14

T: Supine
PA: Medial midline of first metatarsal
DA: Medial midline of first proximal phalanges
F: Medial portion of first MTP joint
Stabilization: Ipsilateral first metatarsal

Question 15

MTP Great Toe Flexion ROM & End Feel

Answer 15

Normal ROM: 45 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to dorsal joint capsule, muscle tension or ligaments

Question 16

MTP Great Toe Extension ROM & End Feel

Answer 16

Normal ROM: 70 degrees
End Feel: Firm due to plantar joint capsule and muscle tension