Anerican West 3.2

Question 1

Who was billy the kid?(early life)

Answer 1

• grew up in mining town. Didn’t have a steady job.
  -By 14 years old, he stole butter, participated in cattle rustling/ horse stealing and became known for escaping jail

Question 2

What happened with billy the kid in 1878?

Answer 2

he was involved in the Lincoln county war. which was a conflict over cattle resouces between cattle baron John Chisam, settelers and desperate ranchers, who gathred around ranchor Murphy.

The war ended when murphy died, but Billy swore to kill everyone responsible for his friends death in war. gained support from mexicans and his gangs.

Question 3

How did people react to Billy the kids killing spree?

Answer 3

Rancher appealed to president to end violence. So a new sheriff and governor elected to bring peace called Garret. Who tracked Billy dowd, captured him. took him to court, and the judge sentenced him to death. He escaped but was shot dead by Garret at fort sumner.

Question 4

why was Billy the kid important to law and order problems?

Answer 4

• he was an exciting figure who newspapers wrote about
  -he fought rich and powerful people. He stood up against big northern business men. Involved violence, which people liked.
  -highlighted the week system of law in Lincoln county. when dealing with billy the kid and his gang

Question 5

Who is Wyatt Earp?

Answer 5

-in (1874) he became involved in fight, was arrested. but helped marshal to fend of cowboys. made him get an offer of being marshal in dodge city

Question 6

What happened to Wyatt Earp when he moved to Arizona, tombstone?(1879-1883)

Answer 6

(1879) moved to arizona. (1880)was hired by by two rich ranching families(Clanton and McClary’s) to bring order to town
(1881) Wyatt rumoured to to have stolen horses and involved in stagecoach robberies. Whilst lawmen (clanton and McClary) try to recover horses.
[]by 26 october, Earps killed Clanton and McClary in self defence. claiming they fired first.
Then in (1882) Wyatts brother murderd. So Wyatt shot dead men, he assumed killed him. althoug poeple turned against his violent ways. forcing him and his family to flee tombstone.

Question 7

How did lawlessness decrease ?

Answer 7

-poeple could now vote in towns, so laws which passed to bun guns in towns.
-railroads and electricity made it easier for judges and officers to stay in contact.

Question 8

What caused the Johnson county range war?

Answer 8

-Huge cattle ranchers got powerful from rich investors. Some appointed as judiciary’s in gov. making them escape from punishment from having links.(but power was shaken in winter 1886-87, cause terrible herd loss)

-small ranchers performing better, lead to WGSA(wyoming stock growers association) to ban small ranchers suspect of rustling. who got tired if there control. so tried to steal cattle. big rancher wanted to take law into their own hands

Question 9

who were Ella Watson and Jim Averill, and how significant was there deaths?

Answer 9

-Small homesteaders. claimed land from albert bothwell (rich landowner)
-Jim wrote on newspapers they Bothwell was rich land grabbers..
-Then in 1889 ella gained herd, and bothwell accused her of stealing cows so executed Ella and Jim. taking their land. caused cattle round up in 1892 by small ranchers without big rancher permission

Question 10

How did the big ranchers respond to the small ranchers round in the Johnson country range war?

Answer 10

-raised $100,000 to kill 70 men involved. calling them rustlers.

Used power of WSGA to hire 22 gunmen. paying them $5 per day and $50 for every kill

supplied own union pacific railroad train

(but invadors failed there mission. Word got too johnson county who raised force of 40 men. Then invadors was surrounded by 300 angry johnson county residants. but saved by6th cavelry)

Question 11

what were the consequences of the johnson county war.

Answer 11

Invadors sent to TA ranch, away from johnson county. then to fort Fetterman. in case of lynching.
-The best chicago lawyer was hired by WSGA to defend invadors. then trail moved to cheyenne, which had juries favoring rich men
-then it was extended for so long, johnson county couldn’t afford to trail anymore.

Question 12

what was the importance of the johnson county war?

Answer 12

first time people believed rich ranchers murderous actions were wrong. as before, these types of vigilante groups would be supported

Question 13

what caused the battle of little bighorn in 1876?

Answer 13

-(1874)the northern specific railroads approached the Sioux Dakota hunting grounds

-georege custer. lead expedition in Black hills to find gold. attracting 1000s prospectors. So gov offered $6mil to buy the hills and mine there, however was rejected.

• (1875) this caused Sioux and cheyenne warriors to leave reservations and join Siuox leaders from feeling betrayed by the government. but government forced them to return to reservations within 60 days

-the deep snow made it impossible for Sioux to return, and were still there till the spring

So in 1875 7,000 sioux erected 1000 lodges, led by chief sitting bull. saying ‘the whites want a war and we will five it to them

Question 14

what happened in the battle of the little bighorn (1876 June)?

Answer 14

The US army planned to attack the Sioux. But george custer men found a camp of 2000 warriors in the valley of little big horn. He had 600 soldiers and was ordered to wait. But he didn’t and led 200 men into little bighorn valley. However was spotted by 2 indian scouts

So sitting bull evacuated the women and children whilst crazy horse led an attack On custer and his men. Resulting in all 200 men killed

Question 15

what were the impacts of the battle of little bighorn?

Answer 15

-people were no longer viewing plain indians as weak savages, but rather a real threat

-made people question the idea of manifest destiny, consider if they were superior

-increased government pressure to remove plain Indians aggressively

Question 16

what were the consequences of the battle of little big horn for plain indians?

Answer 16

-Plain indians were forced to keep their reservations. Sioux and cheyenee couldn’t survive without government support, so drifted back to reservations

-Allowed for previous treaties to be ignored, as a consequence the Siuox moved onto smaller reservations, due to being threatened by the government by not receiving any resources. so had to give up the black hill and Big Horn mountains.

-Forced Sioux to live under military control, removing their weapons. As well as an increase in forts in the region

(1877 Crazy horse surreded to us army and was killed)

Question 17

what caused the wounded knee massacre of (1890)?

Answer 17

The government cut Sioux food rations, which was worsened by the drought in the summer, so there was bad harvests.

So the plain indians developed the ghost dance in response

Question 18

what was the ghost dance of 1890?

Answer 18

Derived from a paiute indian vision telling him if plain indians rejected assimulation, and did the sacred dance, all the dead should be brought back to life, and that a great flood would carry the white settlers away.

This was spread rapidly by reservations

Question 19

how did the government react to the ghost dance?

Answer 19

the government viewed this as a threat, president harrison ordered army to take control. Resulting in sitting bulls death in an attempted arrest. believing sitting bull started the rebel.

Question 20

what happened at the wounded knee massacre (1890)

Answer 20

Plains Indians travelled to wounded knee creek following sitting bulls death. Where a Sioux warrior resisted arrest and began to ghost dance. leading to the 7th cavalry to open fire.

within 10 minutes 250 men, women and children were killed

this was the last clash between Us army and Sioux

Question 21

what was the consequences of the wounded knee massacre?

Answer 21

-people were relieved that the ghost dance was over

-proved to Americans Plain indians were too wild and should be killed

-showed that white Americans feared that the oppressors one day will have treated the plain Indians so badly, they revolt against them (millenarian belief)

-1890, government announced indian frontier had ended. So there was no land that truly belonged to plain Indians