2.3 American west Flashcards
what were the consequences of railroad developments for plain Indians?
-there was less for buffalo, meaning herd sizes reduced
-reduced plain indian rights to land. (part of pacific railroad act stated to ‘estinguish’ all plain indian rights, through the pawne land)
-enabled extermination of buffalo by hunters
what were the consequences of cattle industry growth for plain Indians?
-the cattle would eat all the grass, which decreased the amount of buffalo. resulting in 1880 4.5 million cattle on the great plains
-the reduced buffalo lead to some plain Indians working on ranches for money. which too away there traditional lifestyle, and made them dependant on ranchers for employment
-plain indians felt the need to patrol catle trails. some like comanche tribe attacked cowboys. causing army intervention
what were the consequences of gold prospecting for plain Indians?
-plain Indians were murdered by prospectors to remove them from claiming gold
-white settlers brought new diseases which devastated plain Indians lives
-schools and churches were built which threatened plain Indian way of life quickly
-In 1862 gold was discovered in Montana which lead to people to travel across the Bozeman trail, which went though Lakota Sioux territory, breaking the fort Laramie treaty
what did the government promise in exchange for plain Indians moving onto reservations?
-would not lose any more land
-were protected from white attacks
-given yearly payment in food, money and livestock.
why did plain Indians move onto reservations?
councils felt there was no other way to survive. Also there food supplies were dwindled. The made promises to plain indians, however some of these promises were not met, and the army had to force plain indians onto their territory.
what were the impacts of plain indians moving onto reservations?
- they where encouraged to live a white lifestyle(learn English and become Christian)
-reservations showed no cultural understanding of plain indians nomadic lifestyle
-there was poor farming land so crops didn’t grow that well
-plan indian chiefs couldn’t control warrior brotherhood to stay on reservations
-reservation run by corrupt organisations such as the bureau of indian affairs
-white settelers got angry at the plain indians land, so reduced there land size, decreasing survivability.
what was president grant peace policy of 1868?
-replaced corrupt agent with quicks(peaceful and religious individuals)
-ely parker became commissioner of Indian affairs. and argued plain indians were helpless and ignorant children
any plain Indians not on reservations would be seen as hostile
-gave budget of $2 million for reservations
what was the Indians appropriations act of 1871?
declared plain Indians were no longer recognised as an independent nation. made Grants peace policy become law
What was the second fort Laramie treaty of 1868?
-bozeman trail closed
-red cloud moved onto dakota Siuox. but this reservation was only for the Siuox nations.
