American West 1.1

Question 1

What were the plain Indian’s beliefs on horses?(2pts)

Answer 1

• plain indians believed it measured a person wealth. The more horses, the more wealthy. So they were often stolen in raids(1870 Comanche had 8000 horses in tribe of 3000)

-horses were essential for hunting buffalo and travelling across plains

Question 2

What were the plain Indians beliefs on nature?

Answer 2

-had spirits which could help humans. They worked with the spirits as they thought humans were nature aswell.

-contact spiritual world via ‘vision quests’ from hawk guides. Perform rituals

Question 3

What where the plain Indians beliefs on land and property (3)

Answer 3

-Lakota Sioux scared land was special caves. Land was created by great spirit.

-farming- belonged to family, although hard to farm in. Difficult to(unsalable)

-hunting areas used by tribes, & mining was disrespectful

Question 4

What where the plain Indians attitude to war?

Answer 4

-raided each other for food/horses. They were a quick escape due to too much opposition.

-you men were valuable so minimised risk of death.

• brotherhoods we’re selected on raids. Reduce loss. “ County coups” very respectful. Done to be special warriors

Question 5

What are tribal chiefs in Plain Indian society?

Answer 5

-they are leaders
-trives could have different chiefs, could be spiritual or war?
-were valued due to there wisdom, leadership, spiritual powers and warrior skills.
-did not last for life
-protect band from danger

Question 6

What was a plain Indian council?

Answer 6

Made up of band chiefs and elders.
Can declare war on other tribes.
Everyone can give there opinion in council
•spiritual chief consulted important decisions

Question 7

What was different about Lakota Sioux council?

Answer 7

Chiefs had no power to command their poeple! Instead, Bands made their own decisions

Question 8

Name 3 famous plain Indian chiefs?

Answer 8

Red cloud ( bien 1822, brought Sioux together in red clouds war to fight of whites)

sitting bull(opposed gov peace treaty)

crazy horse

Question 9

What are plain Indian bands?

Answer 9

Opinions listens to by council

Question 10

What are plain Indian band chiefs?

Answer 10

Guide band in finding food and protect band from danger

Question 11

What are warrior brotherhoods?

Answer 11

-They trained young men in fighting skills. These young men are chosen from bravery and skills
-were not under tribal command,meaning there not always respected
-leading men invited to organize yearly buffalo hunt for tribe

Question 12

What are women roles in plain Indians way of life?

Answer 12

-not chiefs
-responsible for feeding and clothing families
-processed buffalo hide and meat to tradable products
-very respected
-function valuable for tribe survival.

Question 13

What was the last child society?

Answer 13

A warrior brotherhood, started by crazy horse, from Oglala Sioux. Made up of younger sons.

Crazy horse thought youngest son try to impress his brothers and sisters. So would be bravest and most daring

Question 14

What was the weather like in the Great Plains s?

Answer 14

extreme summers and winters
-dirty plains
-there were little surface water
- thunderstorms cause lightning, causing dry grass to catch on fire
(Whipped up by strong winds )

Question 15

Why were buffalos importan for plain Indians? (Atleest 3 exp)

Answer 15

Dung=fuel
Horns=spoons
Sinews=bow string
Bones=knives, Sledge runners
Tanned hide= robes, leggings

Question 16

How did plain Indians hunt and treat buffalo?

Answer 16

-rode on horses and used archery skills
-live nomadic lives, by living in tipos to carry family belongings to next camps
-used every part of buffalo
-had reverence for buffalo, as they believed nature treated with respect. Spirits that lived in help them survive

Question 17

What were lodges and why did plain Indians use them?

Answer 17

They were circular buildings made of earth and timber. Made of framework of strong logs & had earth poles on top of it. To make it well insulated.

It had a fire pit and Beds(some could fit 60 people)

Used to protect them from band attack

•Used in winter

Question 18

What part of the buffalo did plain Indians not use?

Answer 18

The heart

The plains Indians left it on the plains as they believed brought it new life to herd

Question 19

Why was their conflict over land between white Americans and plain Indians?

Answer 19

Some views plain Indians as savages, for not ‘improving land’ unlike whites.
Feeling superior to plain Indians as they didn’t use land for farming, to develop country

Whites forcefully encouraged plain Indians to be more white.

Question 20

What is the relationship between federal government and plain Indians?

Answer 20

Federal gov were responsible for negotiations.

-Which provided American Indians protections from states who wanted their land

-[although was not entirely equal, as plain Indians were views as children to be kept safe, given no respect to their understanding or original inhabitants]

Question 21

What was the Indian removal act

Answer 21

In (1830) signed by president Jackson. Pressured 46000 American Indians from east to west of Mississippi River. Protected from plain Indians tribes and white settlers.

Question 22

What did the (1834) Indian trade and intercourse act provide? ((2 things!!!!)

Answer 22

-The government established a permanent Indian frontier, to the territorial west of Mississippi River.

• prevent whites settling in American Indian land, selling of guns and alchahol. Aswell as US army guard frontier

Question 23

What 3 events happened during the 1840s within white Americans westward expansion?

Answer 23

(1845) Texas part of USA
(1846) Oregon independently owned by USA
(1848) USA won war with Mexico

Question 24

Why did the government support westward expansion?

Answer 24

-they wanted US cite and to move east, so made trails through Indian territory. (Cause whites to go through frontier)

Question 25

What and when was the Indian appropriation act?

Answer 25

1851–

Indians were payed by gov to go to reservations. So they could live like white settlers. They encouraged farming.

(This act reduced the amount of buffalo hunted)