3.3The Destruction If The Plain Indians Way Of Life Flashcards
How did buffalo get exterminated?
(1871) procces discoverd to
cheaply turning buffalo hide in leather for machine belts powering the US industrialisation.
-resulted in the development of powerful sharp rifles to kill buffalo
(1872-74) professional hunters killed 4.5 mil animals
-by 1876 the railroads had reach great Sioux land. Which killed there buffalo. Making them more dependent on food resources
—(1883) northern buffalo herd was gone
How did the education system change for plain Indians?
-boys and frisk were sent to school of reservations. If they didn’t, they would get less food rations.
They learned under milagrera conditions, raised as Christian’s. And we’re punished if they spoke there language. By 1887 2020 American Indian pupils attended 117 boarding schools.
What was the Dawes act in 1887 about?
Each plain Indian family allocated 160 acres of land. Single plains Indians 80 acres and orphans below 18, 40 acres. Which allowed them to become citizens of US. All reservations left over sold to whites.
What were the consequences of the Dawes act?
-more land was free for settlers
-plains Indians were not able to farm. Due to the soil being too tough. Making plain Indians landless from selling allotments to whites.
-rapid settlement caused the Indian frontier to close in 1890
what were the economic reason for buffalo extermination?
(1871) it was discovered that you could cheaply turn buffalo hide to leather for machine belts powering US industrialisation. caused The prices to be between 1$ and 3$. hence people rapidly went to kill buffalo and use railroads to bring hides to cities. led to development of powerful sharp hunting rifles to hunt buffalo
how many buffalo had been killed by 1883?
over 25 million
what were the reason for the extermination of the buffalo?
-Industrial revolution: buffalo hide can be hunted to quickly be made into leather for clothing for industrial cities.(Prices for hide was (1$-3$)
-Transport: hunter used them to bring buffalo hide to cities. further accelerating the process
-Weapons: powerful sharp rifles could kill buffalo easily
-Wasted buffalo: hunters killed more buffalo than needed. leaving animal without taking hide
{plain believed this angred spirit world, so buffalo left]
how much more buffalo did hunter kill than plain indians
hunters killed 4.5 million buffalo, compared to plain indiand 1 million
(so 3.5 million more) [1872-1874]
what were the negative consequences of buffalo extermination for plain indians? (5)
-The plain Indians couldn’t resist going on reservations due to buffalo
-Lost buffalo hunting rights as they had all gone, meaning they couldn’t hunt outside their reservation
-forced to ASSIMILATE to survive, as they lost they main food source. So had to farm, so relied on government to send food[working with white settlers]. Hence losing independence. or they starved
-lost traditional lifestyle
-given less food by government, affecting there health, cached disease (flu) and died
what were the positive consequences for the white Americans during the buffalo extermination?
- railroad builds were much easier without buffalo
-cattle ranching could become even bigger
what were the consequences for plain Indians life on reservations? (7)
-lost land-moved onto smaller reservations. 1889 Sioux tribe, pressured them to reduce reservation dize, or food reduced further
-less power of tribal chiefs- US govermant stopped negotiaiting with tribal chiefs (sitting bull) instead to special council (1883) that were easily bribed/threatand. hence kost right to govern themselves
-Govermant agents bribes- provided food if they behaved well. gave clothing, shelter. so able to maitain life, hence make assimulation seem positive
-New education- PI boys and girls, go to school outside reservation. if parents, refuse then rations reduced. learned under military conditions. speak English or else punished. 1887 117 PI in boarding school
-new religious ideas- raised as Christians in schools. punished if had sacred items or held traditional ceremonies
-living conditions changed-Nomadic life not permitted, so couldn’t feed, cloth and shelter themselves. depended on Government
agriculture lifestyle: farming became essential, but was never traditional Indians lifestyle. except Pawnees. but poor land meant crops failed
