American west 1.3

Question 1

why did white settlers fear Plain indians? (3pts)

Answer 1

1)White settlers were caught up in raids, thinking they were being attacked
2)Then made stories of being attack from there misunderstandings of situation
3) Were worried Plain Indians would scalp men’s head and enslave women and children

Question 2

what views did white settlers have on Plain indians

Answer 2

Whites though they were superior.(racism) [So when Plain Indians stole there horses, they were angered]

Question 3

why did the plain Indians experience problems with food?

Answer 3

Settlers killed lots of buffalo for MEAT and caused buffalo stampedes as they didn’t know how to control them

Question 4

Why did the shortage of grass create tension between settlers and plain indians?

Answer 4

The Oxen and horses ate lots of grass on oregon trail. meaning there was lots of competition between both sides to feed there animals.

Question 5

Why was there government pressure to interfere with Plain Indians?

Answer 5

Settlers believes Indians would attack them. So wanted government to build forts so army could protect them.

Question 6

What was the for larmie treaty of 1851?

Answer 6

was used to ease tension between settlers and plain indians. It promised an
()end in tribal raids
()allow safe passage of white settlers along Oregon trail
()agree to live in fixed territories

Question 7

What were the consequences of the fort larmie treaty? (4-)

Answer 7

choose council representatives: Us wants one chief representing whole tribe. unusual for plain indians.(SIUOX not pick chief, so picked warrior, conquering bear from Brule sub tribe.)

get representatives from all other tribes Some not interested in negotiations. Only there for free food and gifts

Agreeing boundaries Us Gov want boundries on map produced, although plains indiands were used to nomadic lifestyle. so travel long distances

translator problems treaty written in English, not enough people to translate, so was misunderstandings

Question 8

what were the treaty agreements of fort larmie treaty?

Answer 8

plain indians:
+end tribe fighting
+migrants travel safely through land
+ railroad componies safely enter land
+gov build roads through PI land
+army forts built
+compensation payed if treaty broken by Plain indians

Gov:
protect plain indians from white
pay $50,000 a year, if they kept to treaty terms

Question 9

Why was the fort larmie treaty important?

Answer 9

-Introduced reservations( restrict plain indians into reservations)
_Whites could freely travel across the 1834 permanent indian frontier
_First formal relationships between plain indians and whites

Question 10

what were the problems with fort larmie treaty?

Answer 10

~there was a lack of understanding between groups. Plain indians not like one tribal chief…….
~Some plain indians misunderstood what they signed for due to translationd and cultural differences…..
~ Plain inidans sill believed they could hunt in an tribes land. boundaries were non-existant
~ indians became dependant on American government for resources

Question 11

what were the consequences of the problems with the fort larmie treaty

Answer 11

<>Plains fought between tribes, which Gov viewed as breaking terms
<>migrant trespassed into Plain Indian land. without US army stopping them

Question 12

what event encouraged lawlessness in the west?

Answer 12

The gold rush. (before would work together to survive, reducing lawlessnes)

Question 13

How the the population of California grow after the Gold RUSH?!!!!!

Answer 13

8000, by 1850. and in 1855 was 300,000

Question 14

what were the problems of law and order?

Answer 14

-camps grew to quickly for effective law enforcement
- claiming gold(was claim jumping)
- con men
-“road agents” robbing prospectors from gold
- prostitution
-racism
-San Francisco gangs

Question 15

What did con men do to claims?

Answer 15

people salting a claim, by sprinkling gold flakes on worthless land. Conning people to buy it

Question 16

What was claim jumping?

Answer 16

people stake a claim and, if looked promising. people would try to steal it.

Question 17

Why did people move to Sam Francisco in mid 1850?

Answer 17

Prospectors “worked out” there plots. So no more gold. Leading to ordinary prospectors who didn’t have skill to mine underground. To migrate

moved to San Francisco to get employed in companies to find gold

Question 18

How many Chinese migrated in 1851and what was the impact?

Answer 18

18000 famine in china migrated from 2000(in1851) to 20,000 (in 1852)

Question 19

Why did gangs take control of Sam Francisco sin 1851?

Answer 19

Law officers were corrupt(ineffective). Resulting in gang members strolling into saloon. Killing and robbing a person.

Question 20

Why did racism towards the Chinese increase?

Answer 20

-Chinese prevented working on new claims(only old claims).
-but despite this still we’re successful. So Americans rob, and murdered Chinese. Destroying there camps.

Question 21

What attempts by the federal government were there to stop lawlessness?

Answer 21

1.Stated that once territory has population of 60,000 . It could be a state. Meaning they could apply own government (own legal system)

2.when population over 5000 people. They could elect sherif to keep order

3. Each territory has governor, three judges and a US marshal

Question 22

What were US marshals?

Answer 22

Police officer in charge of district, and order any man to join posse. To enforce law

Question 23

What responsibilities did a sherif have?

Answer 23

To keep peace in area.
By:
-issuing warrants
-making arrests
-Delivering prisoners to jail

Question 24

What consequences were there of the government’s methods to tackle lawlessness?

Answer 24

-sherif had to cover huge territories. Some 200,000km in area

-communication of lawlessness was slow. People could only travel by horse

–not enough law officers to cover areas
In territories

-Federal gov not spend much money on law enforcement. So it became difficult to recruit officer. So they criminals bribed them to avoid arrest

-officers did not have legal training. So favored friends over others people . Increasing tensions for people

Question 25

How did mining camps try to avoid lawlessness?

Answer 25

-as they didn’t have easy access to legal system to settle money and land disputes.
/communities created a list of rules to govern mining

-started own courts with respected members being judges. Caused corruption and unfairness

-BONUS( recorder, chosen to record all claims made and who claimed them)

Question 26

What where vigilante committees and why did they form?

Answer 26

—a group of ordinary people who though courts were corrupt. So suspected law breakers themselves instead of using law systems. Captured them. (Around 200 men in committee)

-By 1851. 89 suspect captured and tried in San Francisco. 15 were hanged.

Question 27

How successful were the vigilantes committees?

Answer 27

-reduces problems of crime
-trails would not be fair. As suspects got lynched. Meaning vigilante members were violent.

Question 28

What was lynching?

Answer 28

People take law into their own hands. And executes(hangs) someone they suspect of a crime.

Question 29

Why did lawlessness to racism not improve in American west?

Answer 29

-US government was racist
•encouraged discrimination on chinesese
• taxes Chinese miners more than US settlers
• banned Chinese and American Indians being witness in court(apparently untrustworthy)