3.1 Changes In Farmi No, ? Flashcards
How did southern states react to black poeple?
They didn’t like them. Used violence and intimidation to stop black Americans voting. They were forced into sharecropping(working in white land)
What is sharecropping?
Landowners and tenants used some of their land In Return for a share of crops they grow
What started the exoduster movement?(1879)
Black racism Resulted black Americans to move west to take up homesteading claims. First slave to do this was Benjamin singleton move to Kansas in 1873.
Which prompted the idea and encourage people to move to Kansas.
Benajimin helped migrations to Kansas
(This created the fake rumour the whole state of Kansas was given to ex slaves.1879. 40,000 settle of for Kansas
What OTHER reasons were there for the black migration west?
-idea of black emigration and migration from Slave area was popular
-northern then states had better jobs which helped blacks build new lives
-Kansas historicaly known for being a slave free state in 1861. Si felt welcomed in Kansas
-homestead act promoised land for black Americans
-bible story of exodus encourage migrants would be trusted by go would help them
What were the consequences of the exoduster movement?
1880- 43.000 black Americans in Kansas
Exoduster given land in Kansas uplands. Which was difficult to farm on
-exodusters got I’ll from yellow fever. Travelling through plains. So Kansas government helped them. Showed equality with whites
-saved enough money is Kansas to put together resources for settling in west. So we’re better of living than in slavery. But still faced discrimination
What was the Oklahoma land rush?
Migration to Middle land in Oklahoma was finally all to be habited. Following the Dawes act of 1887 giving 169 acres of land to tribes. Whilst rest of the land was for sale.
-(1889) government opens first mid section
-last in 1895(88,000 acres)
-biggest in 1893 human when 8 million acres open for white settlers
What were the consequences of open ranges becoming overstocked?
-fall in demand: the price of meat fell so to the availability of cattle. In 1882 profits from ranches were decreasing, but ranches still held cattle in case of sudden increase
-droughts in 1883 caused grass to get dry and soli erosion. Meant ran Hera lost pasture
— the “great die up” 2886-87 very hard winter (-55¢) cows could not reach through deep grass(15% )open range herd perished. Cattlemen went bankrupt
—small ranches become more popular, as they coped better during the winter
how important were small ranches to ending the open range?
small ranchers were overall easier to manage
- the herds were easily found during the snow
-contained bettter metal windpumps which provided better water supply
-small herds easier to guard, reducing cattle rustiling
-reduced supply of meat. lead to higher quality mead gaining higher prices and profit.(also they were pure blood cattle)
-Increased homesteaders control over cattle herding as the kept cattle in small areas.
what was the impact of the end of the open range for cowboys?
-cowboys had less adventurous life, instead mended barbed wires and inspect grass. decreasing demand
-they lived in uncomfortable bunkhouses, which had leaking roofs and beds full of lice
-responsible for riding line(patrolling ranches)
what new farming inventions were discovered in 1876-1895?
-(1879)dry farming[ conserve water in soil for crop growth] via trapping rain water, worked well with wheat. also was best way for homesteaders to farm on dry plains
-wind pumps (allowed water yo be pumped from underground easily. (1854) halladay created metal blade which turned in all direction. were also stronger. this increased farming speed, overcame strong wind in plains
-barbed wire (1874) fenced of crops, protecting them and livestock. once coating added onto wire, it would stop it rusting. was also cheaper than timber. protected against rustling
what was the mechanisation of the plains in1876-1895?
- developed method of using steal ploughs with automatic seeding machines. this could reach deeper soil. so it made farming, faster, more efficient and productive, meaning more money.
This ,method strengthened the link between big industry’s and farming to help the economy.
