Anatomy of the Immune System

Question 1

Where are T cells produced?

Answer 1

Bone marrow

Question 2

What are the key cells in adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

T cells and B cells

Question 3

Where are T cells selected?

Answer 3

Thymus

Question 4

Where do T cells exit?

Answer 4

Lymphatics

Question 5

What are aggregates of lymph nodes?

Answer 5

B cells
T cells
APCs

Question 6

What do lymph nodes decide?

Answer 6

When and where immune responses need to occur.

Question 7

Where are lymph nodes centered around in the body?

Answer 7

Nose
Mouth
Lungs
Gut

Question 8

What are the key areas of lymph nodes?

Answer 8

Germinal centre
Paracortical area
Parafollicular area
Medullary cords

Question 9

What does the germinal centre mostly contain?

Answer 9

B cells

Question 10

What does the paracortical centre mostly contain?

Answer 10

T cells

Question 11

What does the medullary cords mostly contain?

Answer 11

Plasma cells

Question 12

What is the main point of entry in lymph nodes?

Answer 12

Afferent lymphatic vessels
(T cells enter via HEVs)

Question 13

What is the main point of exit in lymph nodes for those that recognises antigen?

Answer 13

Efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 14

Where in the lymph node does the interaction between B cells/T cells and dendritic cells occur?

Answer 14

Follicular region

Question 15

What are other lymphatic organs?

Answer 15

Spleen
Peyer’s patch (gut)

Question 16

Not all recognise antigen, those that do not exit lymph node via…?

Answer 16

Cortical sinuses

Question 17

What are Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Answer 17

Used by the innate immune system to detect molecules from pathogens or damages cells.

Question 18

What are Patterns Associated Molecule Patterns (PAMPs)?

Answer 18

Molecules that are shared by most pathogenic bacteria and some viruses

Question 19

What are Damages Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMPs)?

Answer 19

Molecules released from damaged or dying cells that activate the innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).

Question 20

What inflammatory mediator allows communication between cells so that the right cells can be activated to destroy invading pathogens?

Answer 20

Cytokines

Question 21

What are examples of cytokines involved in inflammation?

Answer 21

IL-1
TNF-alpha

Question 22

What is the role of chemokines in innate immunity?

Answer 22

Attracting cells to the site of infection