Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Adaptive Immunity - B and T cells > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity - B and T cells Flashcards

1
Q

What type of immunity is specific, requires prior exposure to foreign substances and creates immunological memory?

A

Adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the adaptive immune responses? (3)

A
  1. Recognition of antigen
  2. Activation of lymphocytes (B and T cells)
  3. Attack against antigen and creation of memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of stem cell divides to produce B and T cells?

A

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do B and T cells develop?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do mature B cells move to?

A

Periphery (lymphoid organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do T cells migrate to?

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What immunoglobin do immature B cells have as a receptor on their surface? (known as BCR/B cell receptor)

A

IgM molecule (unique)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the BCR on B cells?

A

To recognise antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is immunoglobin (Ig)

A

An antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of Ig (antibody)

A

4 interliked polypeptide = 2 long heavy chains, 2 short light chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 classes of immunoglobins?

A

IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, and IgD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 most abundant immunoglobins in mammals?

A

IgM and IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which immunoglobin participates in defences against multicellular parasites and allergic responses?

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What immunoglobin is secreted by plasma cells in the linings of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts to protect locally?

A

IgA (dimer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a major antibody in milk?

A

IgA (dimer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What immunoglobin’s function is unclear?

A

IgD

17
Q

What is the binding site of the antibody known as?

A

Epitope

18
Q

A substance capable of stimulating an immune response is known as what?

A

Antigen

19
Q

What is the difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

A

Humoral is activated by B cells, and cellular is activated by T cells

20
Q

The BCR is activated by antigens and by Helper-T cell cytokines is known as what?

A

T-dependent activation

21
Q

T-dependent activation

A

B cells proliferate into plasma cells that make antibodies, some form into memory cells

22
Q

Are lymphocytes specific or non-specific for antigens?

A

Specific for just one type of antigen

23
Q

Upon binding the antigen, lymphocyte undergoes cell division to make what?

A

Clones

24
Q

What do clones function as?

A

Plasma cells - carrying out attack on antigen
Memory cells - for future encounters with that antigen

25
Q

What do activated B cells differentiate into?

A

Plasma cells

26
Q

Any T cells which receive too little or too much of a signal are deleted (apoptosis) describes what?

A

Clonal deletion

27
Q

In the selection of T cells, what happens to T cells with strong affinity?

A

They are deleted

28
Q

What are useful T cells differentiated into?

A

CD4+ ‘helper’ T cell
CD8+ ‘killer’ T cell

29
Q

What do T cells recognise?

A

Antigens

30
Q

How are antigens recognised?

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

31
Q

What are the 2 forms of MHC?

A

MHC-I = CD8+ T cells
MHC-II = CD4+ T cells

32
Q

Where are MHC-I molecules expressed?

A

On all mammalian cells

33
Q

Where are MHC-II molecules expressed?

A

Selectively expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells

34
Q

What cells are very good at presenting antigen via MHC-I and MHC-II?

A

Dendritic cells

35
Q

If antigens are engulfed from outside the cell and destroyed (bacteria), they are presented to…?

A

MHC-II (CD4+ T cells)

36
Q

If antigens are presented from inside the cell they are presented to…?

A

MHC-I (CD8+ T cells)

37
Q

What do activated T-cells proliferate rapidly and differentiate into?

A

Functional effector T cells

38
Q

What does Th1 secrete?

A

IFNy and activates macrophage function

39
Q

What does Th2 secrete?

A

IL-4 and ‘helps’ antibody function

40
Q
A

Immunology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions