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MBChB YR2 MSK > Anatomy: Muscles of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy: Muscles of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Plantaris

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2
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the posterior thigh?

A

Extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg

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3
Q

What is the function of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint

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4
Q

Name the muscles of the medial thigh

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, gracilis

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5
Q

Name the proximal attachment of sartorius

A

ASIS

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6
Q

What muscle does the inferior gluteal neuromuscular bundle supply?

A

Gluteus maximus

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7
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Superior gemelli

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8
Q

What is the distal attachment of the iliotibial tract?

A

Gerdy tubercle (lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyl)

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9
Q

Name the proximal attachment of long head of biceps femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Iliacus

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11
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Fibularis longus

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12
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior thigh

A

Pectineus, iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus), sartorius, quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

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14
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteal fold/sulcus

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15
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Soleus

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16
Q

If a patient’s right side of pelvis drops when the patient stands on their left leg, what does this indicate?

A

Weakness of the left gluteal muscles

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17
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

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18
Q

Name the proximal attachment of semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

Name the distal attachment of obturator femoris

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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20
Q

What is the function of gracialis?

A

Adduction of the thigh at the hip, weak flexion of leg at knee

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21
Q

Which nerve supplies the hamstring part of adductor magnus?

A

Tibial nerve

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22
Q

Name the distal attachment of semitendinosus

A

Medial surface of superior part of tibia

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23
Q

Where is the gluteal region located?

A

Between the back and the posterior thigh and is posterior to the pelvis

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24
Q

Name the proximal attachment of adductor brevis

A

Body of pubis and inferior pubic rami

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25
Q

Which nerve supplies the inferior gemelli and obturator femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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26
Q

What are the actions of semimembranosus?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed, can extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed

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27
Q

Name the proximal attachment of iliacus

A

Iliac fossa

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28
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Adductor magnus

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29
Q

Name the distal attachment of gluteus medius

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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30
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior leg

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

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31
Q

Name the proximal attachment of the adductor portion of adductor magnus

A

Inferior rami of pubis

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32
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

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33
Q

Which nerve supplies psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of L1-L3

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34
Q

What does foot drop indicate?

A

Reduced dorsiflexor function which typically occurs due to damage of the common fibular nerve

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35
Q

Name the proximal attachment of semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

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36
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

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37
Q

Which is the most superficial and largest gluteal muscle?

A

Gluteus maximus

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38
Q

Name the proximal attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosessous membrane

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39
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot

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40
Q

Which nerve supplies the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Common fibular nerve

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41
Q

Name the distal attachment of sartorius

A

Superior, medial surface of the femur (via pes anserinus)

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42
Q

What are the actions of semimembranosus?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed, can extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed

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43
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Tibialis anterior

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44
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the medial thigh?

A

Hip adductors

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45
Q

Name the distal attachment of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus

A

Adductor tubercle of the femur

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46
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

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47
Q

Name the proximal attachment of obturator internus

A

Internal surface of obturator membrane

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48
Q

Which two muscles make up iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus and psoas major

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49
Q

Which nerve supplies the superior gemelli and obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

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50
Q

List the contents of the superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle

A

Superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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51
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Sartorius

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52
Q

Name the proximal attachment of flexor hallucis longus

A

Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, inferior part of interosseous membrane

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53
Q

Name the proximal attachment of vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medius

A

Shaft of femur

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54
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes angle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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55
Q

Which nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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56
Q

Name the distal attachment of gastrocnemius

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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57
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Inserts into iliotibial tract

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58
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Long head of biceps femoris

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59
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Semitendinosus

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60
Q

How many sole muscles are there?

A

11

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61
Q

Name the distal attachment of adductor longus

A

Linear aspera of the femur

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62
Q

Name the proximal attachment of gluteus medius

A

External ileum

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63
Q

Name the proximal attachment of obturator femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

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64
Q

Which nerve supplies all of the muscles of the posterior thigh apart from the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Tibial nerve

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65
Q

Name the distal attachment of the adductor portion of adductor magnus

A

Linea aspera of the femur

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66
Q

Name the distal attachment of gracialis

A

Medial surface of the tibia

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67
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the lateral leg?

A

Evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle

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68
Q

What is the function of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Abduct and extend the lower limb at the hip joint

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69
Q

Name the distal attachment of gluteus maximus

A

Iliotibial tract

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70
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the anterior leg?

A

Dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes

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71
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Tibialis anterior

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72
Q

What is the function of adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of the thigh

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73
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Tibialis posterior

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74
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Popliteus

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75
Q

What is the function of sartorius?

A

Flexor, abductor and lateral rotation of the hip joint, flexor of the knee joint

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76
Q

Which nerve supplies all the muscles of the medial thigh except for the hamstring part of adductor magnus?

A

Obturator nerve

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77
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Fibularis brevis

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78
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal region?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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79
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Pectineus

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80
Q

What is the function of biceps femoris?

A

Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed, extends thigh

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81
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot

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82
Q

Name the proximal attachment of psoas major

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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83
Q

Name the proximal attachment of fibularis tertius

A

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and intersseous membrane

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84
Q

Name the proximal attachment of gluteus maximus

A

Iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx

85
Q

What is the function of iliopsoas?

A

Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

86
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Gastrocnemius (heads)

87
Q

Name the distal attachment of flexor digitorum longus

A

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

88
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior thigh

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

89
Q

Name the distal attachment of fibularis longus

A

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

90
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Gluteus minimus

91
Q

What is the function of both parts of adductor magnus?

A

Adduction of the thigh

92
Q

Name the distal attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

93
Q

What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle

94
Q

Name the distal attachment of tibialis posterior

A

Tuberosity of navicular cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatasals

95
Q

What is the function of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

96
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior leg

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

97
Q

Name the distal attachment of piriformis

A

Greater trochanter of femur

98
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Inferior gemelli

99
Q

Name the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia

100
Q

Name the distal attachment of plantaris

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

101
Q

Name the distal attachment of extensor digitorum longus

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

102
Q

What is the function of tibialis posterior?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

103
Q

Name the proximal attachment of the lateral head of gastrocnemius

A

Lateral condyle of femur

104
Q

Name the proximal attachment of piriformis

A

Sacrum

105
Q

How many interosseous muscles are there?

A

7

106
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

107
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tensor fascia lata?

A

ASIS

108
Q

Name the proximal attachment of gracialis

A

Inferior rami and body of pubis

109
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Vastus lateralis

110
Q

Name the muscles of quadriceps femoris

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medius

111
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Tibialis posterior

112
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

113
Q

Name the distal attachment of popliteus

A

Posterior surface of tibia

114
Q

What is the action of the interosseous muscles?

A

Adduction/abduction of the toes

115
Q

Name the distal attachment of iliopsoas

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

116
Q

What is the function of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb

117
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

A

Most powerful extensor of the hip

118
Q

What is the fascia lata?

A

Deep fascial investment of the musculature of the thigh

119
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Gluteus medius

120
Q

What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region?

A

Iliac crests

121
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Obturator internus

122
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Adductor longus

123
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Piriformis

124
Q

Which two tendons make up the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

125
Q

Name the deep muscles of the posterior leg

A

Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

126
Q

Name the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

Piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator interns, quadratus femoris

127
Q

Name the distal attachment of fibularis tertius

A

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

128
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

129
Q

Name the proximal attachment of fibularis longus

A

Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

130
Q

What are the actions of quadriceps femoris?

A

Extension of the knee, weak flexion of the hip for rectus femoris

131
Q

Name the proximal attachment of rectus femoris

A

ASIS

132
Q

Name the proximal attachment of tibialis posterior

A

Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

133
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Rectus femoris

134
Q

Name the distal attachment of tibialis anterior

A

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneform and base of 1st metatarsal

135
Q

What is the tensor fascia lata?

A

Muscular part of the fascia lata enclosed within the proximal portion of the tract

136
Q

Where is the inferior gluteal neuromuscular bundle located?

A

Deep to gluteus maximus

137
Q

Name the proximal attachment of adductor longus

A

Pubis

138
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Obturator externus

139
Q

Name the nerve which supplies the sole and interosseous muscles

A

Tibial nerve

140
Q

What is the action of the sole muscles?

A

Flexion of the toes

141
Q

Name the distal attachment of both portions of biceps femoris

A

Lateral side of head of fibula

142
Q

What is the function of gastrocnemius?

A

Platarflexes ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes leg at knee joint

143
Q

Name the proximal attachment of short head of biceps femoris

A

Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

144
Q

What is the function of the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Plantarflexors of the ankle

145
Q

Name the distal attachment of gluteus minimus

A

Greater trochanter of femur

146
Q

Name the distal attachment of the gemelli

A

Ischial tuberosity

147
Q

Name the proximal attachment of gluteus minimus

A

External ileum

148
Q

Name the distal attachment of soleus

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

149
Q

Name the proximal attachment of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus

A

Ischial tuberosity

150
Q

Which nerve supplies piriformis?

A

Anterior ramus of S1, S2

151
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Psoas major

152
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

Deep thickening of the fascia lata

153
Q

Name the distal attachment of obturator externus

A

Greater trochanter

154
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Gluteus maximus

155
Q

Name the nerve which supplies the dorsal muscles

A

Deep fibular nerve

156
Q

What is the action of fibularis brevis?

A

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

157
Q

Name the proximal attachment of soleus

A

Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia

158
Q

What is the function of plantaris?

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle

159
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Obturator femoris

160
Q

How many dorsal muscles are there?

A

2

161
Q

Which nerve supplies the tensor fascia lata?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

162
Q

Name the proximal attachment of tibialis posterior

A

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior surface of fibula

163
Q

What is the function of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

164
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus?

A

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

165
Q

Name the proximal attachment of the medial head of gastrocnemius

A

Popliteal surface of femur

166
Q

Name the proximal attachment of the gemelli

A

Ischial spine

167
Q

Where does the fascia lata end?

A

Distal to the bony prominences of the tibia

168
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

169
Q

Which nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

170
Q

What is the function of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Lateral rotators of the thigh and hip stabilises

171
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

172
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the iliotibial tract?

A

ASIS

173
Q

List the contents of the inferior gluteal neuromuscular bundle

A

Inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L5, S1, S2)

174
Q

What is the function of adductor longus?

A

Adduction of the thigh

175
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

176
Q

Name the proximal attachment of plantaris

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament

177
Q

What does a positive Trendelenburgn sign indicate?

A

Damage to the gluteus medius/gluteus minimus or their nerve supply (superior gluteal nerve)

178
Q

Name the distal attachment of obturator internus

A

Trochanteric fossa

179
Q

What is the action of popliteus?

A

Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia to allow flexion

180
Q

What is the function of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus?

A

Extension of the thigh

181
Q

Name the proximal attachment of extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and intersseous membrane

182
Q

Where does the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon attach to?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneous

183
Q

What is the function of the adductor portion of adductor magnus?

A

Flexion of the thigh

184
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Adductor brevis

185
Q

Name the distal attachment of fibularis brevis

A

Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

186
Q

Name the proximal attachment of obturator externus

A

Membrane of the obturator foramen

187
Q

Where is the superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle located?

A

Deep to gluteus medius

188
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Vastus medialis

189
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Gracialis

190
Q

Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

191
Q

Why can the short head of biceps not be considered a ‘true’ hamstring?

A

Attaches proximally to linea aspera of the femur, not to the ischial tuberosity

Does not cross the hip joint - does not contribute to movement

Supplied by the common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve rather than the tibial branch

192
Q

Which nerve supplies pectinous, iliacus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

193
Q

Name the proximal attachment of popliteus

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

194
Q

Where does the fascia lata begin?

A

Around the iliac crest

195
Q

Which muscles does the superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle supply?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

196
Q

What is the function of soleus?

A

Platarflexes ankle, steadies leg on foot

197
Q

Name the distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

198
Q

Name the distal attachment of adductor brevis

A

Linear aspera of the femur

199
Q

Name the proximal attachment of fibularis brevis

A

Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

200
Q

What is the knee jerk reflex?

A

Deep tendon reflex elicited by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle

201
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Semimembranosus

202
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Fibularis tertius

203
Q

Name the distal attachment of semimembranosus

A

Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia

204
Q

Name the distal attachment of quadriceps femoris

A

Patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

205
Q

Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?

A

Short head of biceps femoris

206
Q

Name the muscles of the lateral leg

A

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

207
Q

What is the action of the dorsal muscles?

A

Short extension of the toes

208
Q

What is the function of obturator externus?

A

Adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

MBChB YR2 MSK (36 decks)

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