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MBChB YR2 MSK > Anatomy: Joints of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy: Joints of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 articulations of the knee

A

2 between the femur and the tibia (femorotibeal), 1 between the femur and the patella (femoropatellar)

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2
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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3
Q

When is the knee able to slightly medially and laterally rotate?

A

When the knee is flexed to 90°

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4
Q

Which nerve supplies both the hip and the knee, which can result in hip pain radiating or being referred to the knee?

A

Obturator nerve

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5
Q

What is the function of the medial collateral ligament?

A

Resists valgus stress

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6
Q

Which joint surface has the thickest hyaline cartilage in th body?

A

Retropatellar surface (knee)

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7
Q

Name the movements of the subtalar joint

A

Inversion (tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior) and eversion (fibularis muscles)

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8
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus

A

Flexion of the hip

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9
Q

What are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Synovial hinge joints which allow flexion and extension of the toes

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10
Q

What is the suprapatellar bursa?

A

Extension of the synovial cavity of the knee, located between the quadriceps femoris and the femur

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11
Q

Why does damage to the medial collateral ligament usually result in a medial meniscal tear?

A

In addition to the intercondylar attachment, the medial meniscus is fixed to the medial collateral ligament

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12
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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13
Q

Name the attachments of the menisci

A

Attached at both ends to the intercondylar area of the tibia (C shaped)

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14
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Resists internal rotation of the tibia in extension and anterior subluxation of the tibia onto the femur

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15
Q

What is an ‘unhappy triad’ knee injury?

A

Medial menisci, medial collateral, anterior cruciate

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16
Q

The integrity of which ligament is tested by the posterior drawer test?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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17
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket type synovial joint

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18
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris

A

Lateral rotation of the hip

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19
Q

Name the movements of the midtarsal joint

A

Inversion (tibialis anterior and tibialis posterio) and eversion (fibularis muscles)

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20
Q

Name the attachments of the patellar ligament

A

Continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella that attaches to the tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

‘Shock absorbers’, act to distribute load evenly

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22
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Patellar ligament

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23
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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24
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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25
Q

What are the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

Synovial joints which allow flexion, extension, abduction, adductoin and circumduction of the digits

26
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

27
Q

Name the components of the leg extensor mechanism from proximal to distal

A

Quadriceps muscle, quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon

28
Q

Name the arteries which supply the hip joint

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - usually from deep femoral arteries

Artery to head of femur - more important in children <4 years, usually becomes obliterated in the adult

29
Q

What is the midtarsal joint?

A

Made up of 2 synovial joints - calcaenocubiod and talocalcaneonavicular joints

30
Q

Name attachments of the medial collateral ligament

A

Proximally attaches to the medial epicondyle of the femur, distally it attaches to the medial condyle of the tibia

31
Q

Which ligament of the hip is ruptured during hip dislocation?

A

Ligament to head of femur (ligamentum teres)

32
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia latae

A

Medial rotation of the hip

33
Q

What is the function of the posterolateral corner (PCL, LCL, popliteus and other smaller ligaments)?

A

Resist external rotation of the tibia in flexion

34
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Resists posterior subluxation of the tibia onto the femur and hyperextension of the knee

35
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae

A

Abduction of the hip

36
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Adductors longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracilis

A

Adduction of the hip

37
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Hamstrings and gracilis

A

Medial rotation of the knee

38
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (the hamstrings)

A

Extension of the hip

39
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscle:

Biceps femoris

A

Lateral rotation of the knee

40
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

Synovial joint between the talus and the calcaneus

41
Q

How does the iliotibial tract stabilise the knee joint

A

The bottom of the band attaches to the top of the tibia

42
Q

What is the tarsometatarsal joint?

A

Joint between the cuneiforms/cubiod proximally at the metatarsals

43
Q

Name the intracapsular ligament of the hip

A

Ligament to head of femur (ligamentum teres)

44
Q

Name the two articulatory surfaces of the hip joint

A

Pelvic acetabulum and the head of the femur

45
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscles:

Hamstrings and gastrocnemius

A

Flexion of the knee

46
Q

Name the attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

Attaches at the posterior intercondylar region of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to attach to the medial femoral condyle

47
Q

Name the action performed by the following muscle:

Quadriceps femoris

A

Extension of the knee

48
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

Patellar ligament, lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament

49
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Lateral meniscus

50
Q

Genu valgum can be associated with the loss of which knee ligament?

A

Lateral menisci

51
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Horseshoe shaped fibrocartilaginous ring around the acetabulum that provides a larger articular surface, increasing stability of the hip joint

52
Q

What is the function of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Resists varus stress and abnormal external rotation of the ligaments

53
Q

Name the attachments of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

Attaches at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia where it blends with the medial meniscus, ascends laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle

54
Q

Genu varum can be associated with the loss of which knee ligament?

A

Medial menisci

55
Q

Name attachments of the lateral collateral ligament

A

Attaches proximally to the lateral epicondyle of the femur, distally it attaches to a depression on the lateral surface of the fibular head

56
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Medial meniscus

57
Q

Name the three extracapsular ligaments of the hip

A

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

58
Q

Which knee ligament is the arrow indicating?

A

Medial collateral ligament

59
Q

What is the function of the suprapatellar bursa?

A

Reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements

60
Q

The integrity of which ligament is tested by the anterior drawer test?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

61
Q

Name the intra-articular ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament

62
Q

Which structure forms the extracapsular ligaments of the hip?

A

Thick part of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule

MBChB YR2 MSK (36 decks)

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