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MBChB YR2 MSK > Anatomy: Innervation of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy: Innervation of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

How can you test the function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Biceps deep tendon reflex - place the examiners thumb on the biceps tendon (within the cubital fossa) and the strike the examiners thumb briskly with a tendon hammer

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2
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of the medial part of palm, little finger, medial half of ring finger?

A

Ulnar nerve

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3
Q

Name the nerve roots which form the median nerve

A

C6-T1

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4
Q

Name the sensory functions of the axillary nerve

A

Gives off the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, which innervates the inferior region of the deltoid - ‘badge patch’ (lateral aspect of arm)

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5
Q

Which nerve roots form the superior (upper) trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

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6
Q

Name the sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Gives off the lateral cutaneous branch of the forearm, which innervates the lateral half of the anterior forearm, and a small lateral portion of the posterior forearm

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7
Q

Name the nerve roots which form the ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1

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8
Q

Name the motor functions of the radial nerve

A

Innervates the triceps brachii

Deep branch innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

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9
Q

Which cords of the brachial plexus contribute to the median nerve?

A

Lateral and medial

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10
Q

Name the two divisions of the radial nerve which arise just anterior to the lateral epicondyle

A

Superficial and deep

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11
Q

Name the sensory functions of the radial nerve

A

Innervates the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm

Superficial branch innervates the posterolateral aspect of the hand

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12
Q

Which nerve wraps around the posterior aspect of the surgical neck of the humerus, making it it vulnerable to injury in shoulder dislocation or fractured neck of humerus?

A

Axillary nerve

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13
Q

Which nerves are responsible for the cutaneous supply of medial posterior aspect of the arm?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C8, T1 and T2

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14
Q

How do the branches of the brachial plexus reach the medial arm?

A

Pass through the axilla

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15
Q

What is the characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop - inability to extend the wrist and fingers due to paralysis of the posterior forearm muscles

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16
Q

What is the name given to the area of skin innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

Badge patch

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17
Q

Which is the most medial of the named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Ulnar nerve

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18
Q

Which structure forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior devision of the inferior trunk

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19
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus forms the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial

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20
Q

Which nerve travels in the radial groove of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

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21
Q

Which nerve forms the middle of the ‘M-shaped’ configuration of the named nerves within the axilla?

A

Median nerve

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22
Q

Which nerves are responsible for the cutaneous supply of lateral posterior aspect of the arm?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 and C6 via the axillary nerve

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23
Q

Name the motor functions of the ulnar nerve

A

Innervates the muscles of the hand (apart from the thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals), flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

24
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of the skin over anatomical snuffbox, lateral part of dorsum of hand, proximal thumb, index, middle and ring fingers?

A

Radial nerve

25
Q

Where are the divisions of the brachial plexus located?

A

Immediately posterior to the subclavian vessels in the root of the neck

26
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of the lateral aspect of the arm?

A

Radial nerve via lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm

27
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of the skin over distal phalanges/nail beds of thumb, index finger, middle and ring fingers?

A

Medial nerve

28
Q

Which structures form the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior division of the superior trunk and the anterior division of the middle trunk

29
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of the anterolateral aspect of the forearm?

A

Musculocutanous nerve via the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

30
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

A

According to their relationship with the axillary artery

31
Q

Each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into a ________ and a ________ division

A

Each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division

32
Q

Where are the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus located?

A

Mainly between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the root of the neck

33
Q

Name the nerve roots which form the radial nerve

A

C5-T1

34
Q

Name the sensory functions of the median nerve

A

Palmar cutaneous branch innervates the lateral part of the palm

Digital cutaneous branch innervates the lateral three and a half fingers on the anterior (palmar) surface of the hand

35
Q

Which structures form the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Posterior division of all 3 trunks

36
Q

Name the nerve roots which give rise to the brachial plexus

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

37
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of a strip of skin down the middle of the posterior forearm?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm

38
Q

Name the nerve roots which form the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5-C7

39
Q

Name the sensory functions of the ulnar nerve

A

Innervates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial one and half fingers, and associated palm area

40
Q

Why is the medial posterior arm a common site for cardiac referred pain?

A

Pain is referred via the intercostobrachial nerve and posterior cutaneous nerves of the arm (branch of radial nerve) and medial cutanous nerve of forearm

41
Q

Which nerve root forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

42
Q

In a mid-shaft fracture of the humerus, how could you test the function of the radial nerve?

A

Testing triceps function

43
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus forms the musculocutanous nerve?

A

Lateral

44
Q

Why is the radial nerve vunerable to damage in a (spiral) mid-shaft fracture of the humerus?

A

Lies in the radial groove

45
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus forms the axillary nerve?

A

Posterior

46
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

Collection of spinal nerves that form the peripheral nerves of the upper limb

47
Q

Name the motor functions of the median nerve

A

Anterior interosseous nerve supplies all muscles of the anterior forearm except for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus

Recurrent branch innervates the thenar muscles

Palmar digital branch innervates the lateral 2 lumbricals

48
Q

Name the nerve roots which form the axillary nerve

A

C5-C6

49
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus forms the radial nerve?

A

Posterior

50
Q

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus located?

A

Around the axillary artery

51
Q

Name the motor functions of the axillary nerve

A

Innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles

52
Q

Describe the structure of the brachial plexus

A

Roots → trunks → divisions → cords → branches

53
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous supply of the skin over the base of the thumb?

A

Radial nerve

54
Q

Name the motor functions of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Innervates the brachialis, biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles

55
Q

Which nerve roots form the inferior (lower) trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

MBChB YR2 MSK (36 decks)

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