Anatomy: Areas of the Upper Limb Flashcards
List the contents of the axilla region
Axillary vein, axillary artery, brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes
Name the deep contents of the cubital fossa
Median nerve, brachial artery, radial nerve
What is the mid carpal joint?
Joint between the proximal and distal row of carpal bones
Why does the glenoid need to rotate superiorly to achieve full abduction?
Prevents the greater tubercle of the humerus from impinging on the acromion of the scapula
Name the medial border of the cubital fossa
Pronator teres
Where does the radial nerve divide into its superficial and deep ranches?
Deep to brachialis along the lateral border of the cubital fossa
Which nerves supply the skin and fascia of the cubital fossa?
Cutanous nerves of arm and forearm
Name the central deep fascia of the palm
Palmar aponeurosis
Name the superior border of the cubital fossa
Transverse line between the epicondyles of the humerus
Why should you be careful when performing venopuncture or siting a peripheral venous cannula in the superficial veins of the cubital fossa?
The deeper contents of the fossa could potentially be damaged by a cannula or needle
Name the distal deep fascia of the palm, at the bases of the fingers
Fibrous digital sheaths continuous with the longitudinal digital bands of the palmar aponeurosis
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve due to swelling in the tunnel
Name the components of the pectoral girdle
Scapula, clavicle
Name the lateral border of the cubital fossa
Brachioradialis
Name the superficial contents of the cubital fossa
Medial cubital vein, cephalic vein and basilic vein
What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla region?
Pectoralis major
What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla region?
Teres major
Where is the axilla region located?
Pyramidal space inferior to the shoulder joint and just superior to the hollow that patients will refer to as the ‘armpit’
The distal tendon (deep and lateral) and aponeurosis (medial) of which muscle is palpable in the cubital fossa?
Biceps brachii
Tenderness in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox following trauma (e.g. FOOSH) is clinically suggestive of a fracture of which bone?
Scaphoid
What is the anatomical snuffbox?
Triangular depression found on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand
Why is sensation of the central palm unaffected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve is given off proximal to the tunnel and travels superficially to reach the skin of the palm
Name the contents of the anatomical snuffbox
Radial artery, superficial branch of radial nerve, cephalic vein
Name the lateral deep fascia of the palm
Deep fascia of the thenar eminence
What is the carpal tunnel?
Narrow passageway found on the anterior portion of the wrist that serves as the entrance to the palm for several tendons and the median nerve
Name the medial deep fascia of the palm
Deep fascia of the hypothenar eminence
Name the anterior border of the carpal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum
Name the components of the wrist
Comprises of the carpal bones and the gliding synovial joints between them
Where does the brachial artery bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries?
At the apex of the cubital fossa
What is the cubital fossa?
Triangular space between the skin and the anterior aspect of the capsule of the elbow joint
Name the contents of the carpal tunnel
The long tendons of the forearm flexor muscles - flexor digitorum superficialis (x4), flexor digitorum profundus (x4), flexor pollicis longus (x1)
The medial nerve
What is the pectoral girdle?
The set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side
Describe the structure of the distal deep fascia of the palm, at the bases of the fingers
Fibrous digital sheaths which attach to both sides of the phalanges and form a secure tunnel through which the FDS, FDP and FPL tendons and their synovial sheaths travel distally
Name the proximal deep fascia of the palm
Palmar carpal ligament and flexor retinaculum
Name the posterior border of the carpal tunnel
Carpal bones
