Anatomy: Areas of the Upper Limb

Question 1

List the contents of the axilla region

Answer 1

Axillary vein, axillary artery, brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes

Question 2

Name the deep contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 2

Median nerve, brachial artery, radial nerve

Question 3

What is the mid carpal joint?

Answer 3

Joint between the proximal and distal row of carpal bones

Question 4

Why does the glenoid need to rotate superiorly to achieve full abduction?

Answer 4

Prevents the greater tubercle of the humerus from impinging on the acromion of the scapula

Question 5

Name the medial border of the cubital fossa

Answer 5

Pronator teres

Question 6

Where does the radial nerve divide into its superficial and deep ranches?

Answer 6

Deep to brachialis along the lateral border of the cubital fossa

Question 7

Which nerves supply the skin and fascia of the cubital fossa?

Answer 7

Cutanous nerves of arm and forearm

Question 8

Name the central deep fascia of the palm

Answer 8

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 9

Name the superior border of the cubital fossa

Answer 9

Transverse line between the epicondyles of the humerus

Question 10

Why should you be careful when performing venopuncture or siting a peripheral venous cannula in the superficial veins of the cubital fossa?

Answer 10

The deeper contents of the fossa could potentially be damaged by a cannula or needle

Question 11

Name the distal deep fascia of the palm, at the bases of the fingers

Answer 11

Fibrous digital sheaths continuous with the longitudinal digital bands of the palmar aponeurosis

Question 12

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 12

Compression of the median nerve due to swelling in the tunnel

Question 13

Name the components of the pectoral girdle

Answer 13

Scapula, clavicle

Question 14

Name the lateral border of the cubital fossa

Answer 14

Brachioradialis

Question 15

Name the superficial contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 15

Medial cubital vein, cephalic vein and basilic vein

Question 16

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla region?

Answer 16

Pectoralis major

Question 17

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla region?

Answer 17

Teres major

Question 18

Where is the axilla region located?

Answer 18

Pyramidal space inferior to the shoulder joint and just superior to the hollow that patients will refer to as the ‘armpit’

Question 19

The distal tendon (deep and lateral) and aponeurosis (medial) of which muscle is palpable in the cubital fossa?

Answer 19

Biceps brachii

Question 20

Tenderness in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox following trauma (e.g. FOOSH) is clinically suggestive of a fracture of which bone?

Answer 20

Scaphoid

Question 21

What is the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 21

Triangular depression found on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand

Question 22

Why is sensation of the central palm unaffected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 22

The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve is given off proximal to the tunnel and travels superficially to reach the skin of the palm

Question 23

Name the contents of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 23

Radial artery, superficial branch of radial nerve, cephalic vein

Question 24

Name the lateral deep fascia of the palm

Answer 24

Deep fascia of the thenar eminence

Question 25

What is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 25

Narrow passageway found on the anterior portion of the wrist that serves as the entrance to the palm for several tendons and the median nerve

Question 26

Name the medial deep fascia of the palm

Answer 26

Deep fascia of the hypothenar eminence

Question 27

Name the anterior border of the carpal tunnel

Answer 27

Flexor retinaculum

Question 28

Name the components of the wrist

Answer 28

Comprises of the carpal bones and the gliding synovial joints between them

Question 29

Where does the brachial artery bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries?

Answer 29

At the apex of the cubital fossa

Question 30

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 30

Triangular space between the skin and the anterior aspect of the capsule of the elbow joint

Question 31

Name the contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 31

The long tendons of the forearm flexor muscles - flexor digitorum superficialis (x4), flexor digitorum profundus (x4), flexor pollicis longus (x1)

The medial nerve

Question 32

What is the pectoral girdle?

Answer 32

The set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side

Question 33

Describe the structure of the distal deep fascia of the palm, at the bases of the fingers

Answer 33

Fibrous digital sheaths which attach to both sides of the phalanges and form a secure tunnel through which the FDS, FDP and FPL tendons and their synovial sheaths travel distally

Question 34

Name the proximal deep fascia of the palm

Answer 34

Palmar carpal ligament and flexor retinaculum

Question 35

Name the posterior border of the carpal tunnel

Answer 35

Carpal bones