Anatomy: Areas of the Lower Limb Flashcards
List the popliteal vessels from superficial to deep
Tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery
Which structures support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Flexor hallucis longus, attachments of tibialis anterior, attachment of fibularis longus
What forms the smallest and most medial part of the femoral sheath?
Femoral canal
Name the bones which form the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
Calcaeneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuniforms and metatarsals 1-3
What makes up the posterior border of the femoral canal?
Pectineal ligament, superior ramus of the pubic bone, and the pectineus muscle
What is the plantar fascia?
Deep fascia found on the plantar aspect of the foot, deep to the skin and superficial fascia
What makes up the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal fascia
List the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial
Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, inguinal canal
List the contents of the popliteal fossa
Fat, terminal saphenous vein, popliteal vessels, common fibular nerve, popliteal lymph nodes
What makes up the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
What makes up the superior border of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
What are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis?
Helps to support the arches of the foot, protects against deep spread of infection from pucture wounds to the sole of the foot
What makes up the anterior border of the femoral canal?
Inguinal ligament
What is the purpose of the genicular anastomoses?
Provides collateral blood supply to the structures of the knee joint, leg, and foot which is particularly important during periods when the knee is maximally flexed
List the contents of the femoral canal
Deep inguinal lymph nodes, adipose tissue
What is a Baker’s cyst?
Inflammation and swelling of the semimembranosus bursa that usually arises in conjunction with osteoarthritis of the knee
Name the bones which form the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
Calcaneus, cubiod and metatarsals 4 and 5
Where can the femoral pulse be palpated?
2-3 cm inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Where is the popliteal fossa located?
Posterior to the knee
What makes up the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
What makes up the medial border of the femoral canal?
Lacunar ligament
What is the femoral canal?
Anatomical compartment located in the anterior thigh
What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas and pectinous muscles
Name the bones which form the transverse arch of the foot
Cubiod, cuneiforms and the bases of all 5 metatarsals
What is the plantar aponeurosis?
Central part of the plantar fascia which gives rise to five digital longitudinal bands
What makes up the roof of the femoral triangle?
Deep fascia (fascia lata)
Which manoeuvres can aid in examination of the popliteal pulse?
Flexion of the knee to approximately 30° and relaxation of the hamstring muscles
What is the inguinal ligament?
Inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis
Which arch of the foot is usually weight-bearing on standing?
Lateral longitudinal arch
What is the femoral sheath?
Short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fasia from the abdominal wall which surrounds the most proximal parts of the femoral artery and vein
Which structures support the transverse arch of the foot?
Fibularis longus, tibialis posterior
What makes up the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius muscle
What makes up the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semitendinosus/semimembranosis
What makes up the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
What is the femoral ring?
Opening to the femoral canal located at its superior border
What is the retroinguinal space?
Communication with the thigh - allows femoral vessels, femoral nerve, and the iliopsoas muscle/combined tendon to enter or leave the lower limb
What is the femoral triangle?
Hollow area in the anterior thigh
Name the two attachment points of the inguinal ligament
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle
What makes up the lateral border of the femoral canal?
Femoral vein
