Anatomy: Joints of the Upper Limb Flashcards
Name the muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm via the radio-capitallar joint of the elbow
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
What is the function of the collateral ligaments of the elbow joint?
Stabilise the flexing and extending motion of the arm
What is the midcarpal joint?
Joint between the proximal and distal row of carpal bones (wrist)
Which ligament of the elbow joint is indicated by the arrow?
Annular ligament
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
Located near the wrirst, articulation between the ulnar notch of the radius and the ulnar head
Which joint is indicated by the arrow?
Midcarpal joint
Name the two articulations of the elbow joint
Humero-ulnar and radio-capitallar
What is the annular ligament of the elbow?
Stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint by holding radius against radial notch of ulna
Name the movements of the wrist joint
Flexion-extension, adduction-abduction and circumduction
What is the coracoacromial ligament of the shoulder?
Runs betwen the acromion and corocoid process of the scapula, prevents superior dislocation of the humeral head
What is the function of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints?
Permit flexion/extension between the phalanges
Which ligaments of the shoulder joint is indicated by the arrow?
Glenohumeral ligaments
Which ligament of the elbow joint is indicated by the arrow?
Medial (ulnar) ligament
Which joint is indicated by the arrow?
Carpometacarpal joint
What is the function of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Permits a full range of movement between the trapezium and 1st metacarpal including opposition
Name the muscles responsible for external rotation of the shoulder joint
Infraspinatus and teres minor
What is the glenoid labrum?
Fibrocartilage rim which deepens the glenoid fossa to reduce the disproportion in surfaces of the shoulder joint
Where is the subtendinous bursa of the elbow located?
Between the olecranon and the tendon of the triceps brachii
Where is the intratendinous bursa of the elbow located?
Within the tendon of the triceps brachii
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Located near the elbow, articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
Name the muscles responsible for adduction of the shoulder joint
Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major
Name the two articulatory surfaces of the shoulder joint
Humeral head and the scapular glenoid fossa
Name the muscles responsible for internal rotation of the shoulder joint
Subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid
Define subluxation
Partial dislocation, where the articular surfaces are displaced, but still overlap
Where is the subscapular bursa of the shoulder located?
Between the subscapularis tendon and the scapula
What are the glenohumeral ligaments of the shoulder?
Form the joint capsule of the shoulder joint, connect the humerus to the glenoid fossa, act as the main stabilises of the joint and prevent anterior dislocation
What type of joint is the midcarpal joint?
Series of synovial gliding joints
Name the joint of the elbow responsible for flexion of the forearm
Humero-ulnar
What is the coracohumeral ligament of the shoulder?
Attaches the base of the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of humerus, supports the superior part of the joint capsule
Which ligament of the shoulder joint is indicated by the arrow?
Coracoacromial ligament
Which ligament of the shoulder joint is indicated by the arrow?
Transverse humeral ligament
Which joint is indicated by the arrow?
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Name the muscles responsible for extension of the forearm via the humero-ulnar joint of the elbow
Triceps brachii and anconeus
During pronation, describe the movement of the ulna/radius
Radius moves over ulna
The joint capsule of the elbow is thickened medially and laterally to form what?
Collateral ligaments
What is the function of the subacromial bursa of the shoulder?
Reduces friction beneath the deltoid, promoting free motion of the rotator cuff tendons
Which ligament of the elbow joint is indicated by the arrow?
Lateral (radial) collateral ligament
Name the articulatory surfaces of the radio-capitallar joint
Head of the radius and capitulum of the humerus
What is the function of the subtendinous bursa of the elbow?
Reduces friction between the olecranon and the tendon of the triceps brachii during extension and flexion of the arm
Name the articulating surfaces of the wrist joint
Proximal row of the carpal bones (except pisiform) distally, distal end of the radius, and the articular disk proximally
Which joint is indicated by the arrow?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Hinge type synovial joint
What is the function of the subscapular bursa of the shoulder?
Reduces wear and tear on the tendon during movement at the shoulder joint
What is the medial (ulnar) ligament of the elbow?
Originates from the medial epicondyle and attaches to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna
What is the shoulder joint capsule?
Fibrous sheath which encloses the structures of the joint; it extends from the anatomical neck of the humerus to the border of the glenoid labrum
Name the joint of the elbow responsible for pronation of the forearm
Radio-capitallar joint (+ proximal and distal radioulnar joints)
Which joint is indicated by the arrow?
Distal interphalangeal joint
What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint?
Synovial saddle joint
What is the transverse humeral ligament of the shoulder?
Spans between the two tubercles of the humerus, holds the tendon of the long head of biceps in the intertubercular groove
Define dislocation
Articular surfaces no longer overlap at all
What is the function of the carpometacarpal joint?
Permit slight flexion between the distal carpals and the 2nd to 5th metacarpals
What is the function of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?
Allow pronation and supination of the forearm
Name the articulatory surfaces of the elbow joint
Humerus and the bones of the distal forearm
Name the articulatory surfaces of the humero-ulnar joint
Trochlear notch of the ulnar and the trochlea of the humerus
Name the joint of the elbow responsible for extension of the forearm
Humero-ulnar
Name the muscles responsible for flexion of the forearm via the humero-ulnar joint of the elbow
Brachialis, biceps brachii and brachioradialis
Name the muscles responsible for abduction of the shoulder joint
0-15° - supraspinatus 15-90° - middle fibres of deltoid 90°+ - trapezius and serratus anterior
What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint?
Synovial condyloid joint
Name the muscles responsible for supination of the forearm via the radio-capitallar joint of the elbow
Biceps brachii and supinator
Name the joint of the elbow responsible for supination of the forearm
Radio-capitallar joint (+ proximal and distal radioulnar joints)
Which ligament of the shoulder joint is indicated by the arrow?
Coracohumeral ligament
Name the components of the shoulder girdle
The scapula, the clavicle, the proximal humerus and the supporting muscles including the deltoid and the muscles of the rotator cuff
Name the muscles responsible for extension of the shoulder joint
Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major
What is the lateral (radial) collateral ligament of the elbow?
Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, blends with the annular ligament of the radius
Name the muscles responsible for flexion of the shoulder joint
Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis, biceps brachii weakly assists
What is the function of the metacarpophalangeal joint?
Permit all movements except opposition between the metacarpals and proximal phalanges
Where is the subacromial bursa of the shoulder located?
Deep to the deltoid and acromion, and superficial to the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule
Where is the subcutaneous bursa of the elbow located?
Between the olecranon and the overlying connective tissue
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
Ball and socket synovial joint
