anatomy and physiology Flashcards
0
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The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures.
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Physiology
1
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The Study of the human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.
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Anatomy
2
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Also know as microscopic anatomy; the study of the structure and composition of tissue.
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Histology
3
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Protective covering on the body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart; digestive and respiratory organs; and glands.
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Epithelial Tissue
4
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Physical foundation of the body, composed of 206 bones, and are connected by movable and immovable joints.
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Skeletal System
5
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Tissue that controls and coordinates all body functions.
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Nerve Tissue
6
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Uppermost and largest bone of the arm. Extending from elbow to shoulder.
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Humerus
7
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Corrugator Muscle
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Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
8
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Removes toxic products of digestion.
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Liver
9
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Group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
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Endocrine System
10
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The skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails.
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Integumentary System
11
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Top side bones of face.
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Parietal Bone
12
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Characterized by elongated cells that generate movement by shortening or contracting in a forcible manner.
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Muscle Tissue
13
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Affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
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Zygomatic
14
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The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
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Biology
15
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A specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body.
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Adipose Tissue
16
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Tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body.
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Muscular Tissue
17
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One of the organs which supports the excretory system by eliminating water and waste products.
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Kidneys
18
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One of the organs which supports the excretory system by removing toxic waste products of digestion.
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Liver
19
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A saclike enlargement of the alimentary canal, as in humans and certain animals, forming an organ for storing, diluting, and digesting food.
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Stomach
20
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The lower part of the alimentary canal from the end of the stomach to the anus.
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Intestines
21
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Also known as shoulder blade; one of a pair of large, flat triangular bone of the shoulder.
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Scapula
22
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Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.
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Humerus
23
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Also known as collarbone; bone joining the sternum and scapula.
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Clavicle
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Also known as breastbone; the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs.
Sternum
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The involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.
Cardiac Muscle
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Also known as involuntary, visceral, or smooth muscles; function automatically, without conscious will.
Non-striated Muscle
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Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
Corrugator Muscle
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Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip.
Platysma
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Muscle of the neck that depresses and rotates the head. Nodding motion.
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
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One of the muscles involved in mastication (chewing).
Temporalis Muscle
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Flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
Obicularis Oris
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Muscles surrounding the upper lip that elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.
Levatator Labii Superioris; Also known as quadratu labii superioris
33
Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.
Risorius
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A muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.
Levatator Anguli Oris; Also known as caninus
35
Lies at the base of the cerebrum and is attached to the brain stem; this term is Latin for "little brain."
Cerebellum
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Located in the uppermost part of the midbrain; consists of two main parts the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
Diencephalon
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Makes up the bulk of the brain and is located in the front, upper part of the cranium.
Cerebrum
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Nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.
Buccal Nerve
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Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face; also, nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
Mandibular Nerve
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Nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck; affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
Cervical Nerves
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Also known as trifacial or trigeminal nerve; it is the chief sensory nerve of the face, and it serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing. It consists of three branches.
Fifth Cranial Nerve
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Also known as facial nerve; it is the chief motor nerve of the face. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck.
Seventh Cranial Nerve
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Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.
Parietal Bones
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The skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.
Integumentary System
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Group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
Endocrine System
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Also known as malar bones or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks; the cheekbones.
Zygomatic Bones
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Two bones that form the hard pallet of the mouth.
Palatine Bones
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Form the upper jaw.
Maxillary Bones
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Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum.
Vomer Bone
50
Bones that form the bridge of the nose.
Nasal Bones
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Thin layers of spongy bones on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression.
Turbinal Bones
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Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back.
Latissimus Dorsi
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Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
Deltoid
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Large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck and shoulders and moving the head and shoulder blade.
Trapezius
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Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
Pectoralis Major & Minor
56
Muscle of the Chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm.
Serratus Anterior
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Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, they separate the fingers.
Abductor
58
Colorless, jellylike substance in cells; contains food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water.
Protoplasm
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Center of an atom, where protons and neurons are located. The central part,core. Plays an important role in cell reproduction and metabolism.
Nucleus
60
_______ is all the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus; the water fluid containing food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair.
Cytoplasm
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Cells dividing into two new cells (daughter cells); the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissue.
Mitosis
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1. Chemical process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities. 2. The process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy. Two parts: anabolism and catabolism.
Metabolism
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Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
Anabolism
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The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of compounds within the cells into smaller ones, often resulting in the release of energy to perform functions such as muscular efforts, secretions, or digestion. Energy is stored.
Catabolism
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Collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Tissue
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Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.
Nerves
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Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Examples; bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat.
Connective Tissue
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Structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions in plants and animals.
Organs
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Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system; system that controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
Circulatory System
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Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means.
Digestion
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Also called the gastrointestinal system; responsible for changing food into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands and other organs.
Digestive System
72
The human head contains this many bones.
22 bones
73
The cranium is an oval, bony case that protests the brain and is formed by this many bones.
8 bones
74
The face consists of this many bones
14 bones including the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw).
75
The hindmost bone of the skull; it forms the back of the skull above the nape. Thinnest bone in skull.
The occipital bone
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Bones that form the sides and crown of the cranium.
The two parietal bones
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Bone that forms the forehead.
The frontal bone
78
Bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.
The two temporal bones
79
The light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities.
The ethmoid bone
80
The bone that joins all the bones of the cranium together.
The sphenoid bone
81
Bones that form the bridge of the nose.
The two nasal bones
82
The smallest and most fragile bones of the face, are situated at the front inside part of the eye socket.
The two lacrimal bones
83
Know as malar bones or cheekbones, form the prominence of the cheeks, or cheekbones.
The two zygomatic bones
84
Bones that forms the upper jaw.
The two maxillary bones
85
Forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face.
The mandible
86
The thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression.
The two turbinal bones (also referred to as turbinate bones)
87
The flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum.
The vomer bone
88
The bones that form the hard palate of the mouth.
The two palatine bones
89
Also known as occipitofrontalis; the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis.
Epicranius
90
Study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles.
Myology
91
Origin, insertion, and belly.
Three parts of a muscle
92
Also known as skeletal or voluntary muscles; attached to the bones and make up a large percentage of body mass; controlled by will.
Striated muscle
93
Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
Frontalis
94
One of the muscles that coordinate with the temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward; sometimes referred to as the chewing muscle.
Masseter
95
Ring muscle of the eye socket; closes the eyelid.
Orbicularis oculi
96
Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip.
Platysma
97
Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
Deltoid
98
Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm.
Biceps
99
Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.
Triceps
100
Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.
Supinator (bowl of soup)
101
Muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.
Pronators
102
Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.
Extensors
103
Muscles that draw a body part, such as fingers, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the and, they separate the fingers.
Abductors
104
Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, they draw the fingers together.
Adductors
105
Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in flexing the wrist.
Flexors
106
Also known as external maxillary artery; supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.
Facial Artery
107
Massage, electrical therapy current, light rays (infrared, LED, ultraviolet radiation), heat rays, moist heat, nerve impulses, and chemicals are all things that can stimulate what?
Muscle
108
What are favorable conditions for mitosis?
Favorable conditions include adequate supply of food, oxygen, and water; suitable temperatures; and the ability to eliminate waste products.
109
The _______ is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. Plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism. Yolk of a raw egg.
Nucleus
110
Within the nucleus of a cell is the _______, which is a fluid that contains proteins and a very important acid know as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Nucleoplasm
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_________ is all the protoplasm of a cell except that found in the nucleus. This watery fluid contains the food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self repair.
Cytoplasm
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The ________ is the part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter an leave. (The egg lining).
Cell membrane
113
Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Circulatory System, Lymphatic/Immune System, Endocrine System, Digestive System, Excretory System, Respiratory System, Integumentary System, and Reproductive System.
11 Systems of the body
114
Brain, Eyes, Heart, Kidneys, Lungs, Liver, Skin, Stomach, Intestines.
9 Organs of the body
115
Controls the body.
Brain
116
Control the body's vision.
Eyes
117
Circulates the blood.
Heart
118
Excrete water and waste products.
Kidneys
119
Supply oxygen to the blood.
Lungs
120
Removes waste created by digestion.
Liver
121
External protective coating that covers the body.
Skin
122
Digests food, along with the intestines.
Stomach
123
Digests food, along with the stomach.
Intestines
124
Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of he heart and blood vessels.
Circulatory System
125
Protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing toxins and bacteria.
Lymphatic/Immunes System
126
Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue; also contracts and moves various parts of the body; consists of muscle.
Muscular System
127
Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions; consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Nervous System
128
Purifies the body by elimination of waste matter; consists of kidneys, liver, skin, intestines, and lungs.
Excretory System
129
Enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates carbon dioxide as waste produce; consists of lungs and air passages.
Respiratory System
130
Performs the function of reproducing and perpetuation the human race.
Reproductive System
131
Place where two bones are joined together but where little or no movement is normally possible and where no joint cavity exists. Examples include the skull, joints in the pelvis, joints between the teeth, and the mandible and maxilla. Another name is synarthrosis which means immovable.
Immovable Joints
132
Most common type of joint in the human body, and freely moving ones are found wherever movement is important. Known as synovial joints because each contains synovial fluid which is a liquid to help decrease friction when joint moves. There are many kind such as hinge joints and saddle joints.
Movable Joints
133
Nutritive fluid circulating throughout the circulatory system and is considered connective tissue. There are 8 to 10 pints in the human body, accounting for about one-twentieth of the body's weight. Approximately 83% water. It is sticky and salty, with a normal temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Bright red in arteries and dark red in veins.
Carries water, oxygen, food, and secretion to all cells of the body.
It carries away carbon dioxide and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, and large intestines.
Helps to equalize the body's temperature, thus protecting the body from extreme heat and cold.
It aids in protecting the body for harmful bacteria and infections through the action of the white blood cells.
It closes injured minute blood vessels by forming clots, thus preventing blood loss.
Composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets.
Blood
134
Carries oxygenated blood away from heart throughout the body and back to the heart.
Systemic Circulation
135
These produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts.
Exocrine Glands
