10 Week Final (-exam 6 and final) Flashcards

0
Q

Why did ancient Hebrews practice grooming rituals?

A

They believed that their bodies were gifts to be cared for.

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1
Q

Who used cosmetics for personal beautification, for religious ceremonies, and to prepare the deceased for burial?

A

Egyptians

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2
Q

What exemplified the ideal of beauty in ancient Japan?

A

Geisha

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3
Q

When did women have high hairstyles that incorporated wired cages with springs to adjust the height, and sometimes contained gardens and live animals?

A

Age of Extravagance

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4
Q

Where were makeup and showy clothing encouraged during the Victorian Age?

A

Theaters

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5
Q

What was a major cause of changes in style, skin care, and innovation of the beauty culture during the twentieth century?

A

Industrialization

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6
Q

What term refers to a person devoted to, or professionally occupied with, skin health and beauty?

A

Esthetician

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7
Q

Which career requires a knowledge of cosmetic chemistry, makeup and camouflage techniques, and business skills?

A

Medical Aesthetician

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8
Q

Who do commercial photographers often employ to work with models?

A

Makeup Artists

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9
Q

Where are you likely to find licensed massage therapist working today?

A

Airports

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10
Q

What can you do to begin your journey of success right now?

A

Visualize yourself as a successful esthetician

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11
Q

What is an important part of showing respect for others?

A

Using good manners

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12
Q

What term refers to putting off until tomorrow what you can do today?

A

Procrastination

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13
Q

What is an example of an active problem-solving word?

A

Explore, analyze, solve, create and so on

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14
Q

Were should you study?

A

Quiet spot in the library

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15
Q

What documents establishes the values that you live and work by, as well as your future goals?

A

Mission Statement

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16
Q

What are two types of goals?

A

Short-term and long-term

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17
Q

When you prioritize, you make a list of tasks in what order?

A

Most important to least important

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18
Q

How long does it take to perform most facials?

A

60 minutes

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19
Q

What is another common term for ethics?

A

Code of Conduct

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20
Q

_______, _______, and _______ are the ingredients of a healthy, well-developed attitude?

A

Receptivity, diplomacy, and confidentially

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21
Q

What personal characteristics show that you have a good work ethic?

A

Trustworthy and hardworking

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22
Q

What term refers to the impression projected by an esthetician’s outward appearance and conduct in the workplace?

A

Professional Image

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23
Q

What term refers to the daily maintenance of cleanliness and healthfulness through certain sanitary practices?

A

Personal Hygiene

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24
Q

What food should estheticians avoid during work hours because it’s odor can linger?

A

Onions

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25
Q

What type of approach is generally best when applying makeup?

A

Clean and Natural

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26
Q

What should your makeup do?

A

Accentuate your best features

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27
Q

What is part of your physical presentation?

A

Posture, walk, and movements

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28
Q

What is the science of designing the workplace, it’s equipment, and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe?

A

Ergonomics

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29
Q

What should you do to maintain good standing posture?

A

Balance your neck directly above you shoulders

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30
Q

What should you do when sitting?

A

Keep your back straight

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31
Q

What helps to enhance your professional image?

A

Practicing Confidentiality

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32
Q

What should you do when conflict arises?

A

Be assertive without being overbearing

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33
Q

When people are secure, how do they feel?

A

Confident

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34
Q

What do people do when they believe in themselves?

A

Stick to what they believe is right

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35
Q

What are some of the golden rules of human relations?

A
  1. Think twice before impulsively reacting to a situation.
  2. Learn to forgive yourself and others.
  3. Make amends when you are wrong.
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36
Q

When should the client intake form be mentioned to the clients?

A

When the client schedules the appointment

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37
Q

What question should you ask clients about their lifestyle during the consultation?

A

Career and personal lifestyle and stress level

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38
Q

What is the final step of the 10-step consultation process?

A

Reiterate everything you and the client have agreed upon

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39
Q

What should you try to do when a situation with a client is beyond your control?

A

Communicate past the issue

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40
Q

Generally, if clients are more than _____ minutes late, they should be asked to reschedule.

A

15 minutes

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41
Q

What is the first thing you should do when a conflict arises with a dissatisfied client?

A

Apologize for the client’s displeasure

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42
Q

What should you do when faced with a difficult client?

A

Use language that evokes a positive response

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43
Q

What should you do when communicating with fellow staffers?

A

Remain objective

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44
Q

What should you avoid when communicating with your salon manager?

A

Complaining about colleagues

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45
Q

In ancient Japan, married women and courtesans made a paste of sake, tea, and this substance to black out their teeth.

A

Iron scraps

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46
Q

Ancient Hebrews used this substance to prepare an ointment for cleansing.

A

Hyssop

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47
Q

Ancient Greeks bathed in this and then dusted their bodies in fine sand to protect themselves from the sun.

A

Olive Oil

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48
Q

Ancient Hebrews used this to create balms to keep in body heat.

A

Cinnamon

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49
Q

Ancient Hebrews used this substance in tincture form for oral hygiene.

A

Myrrh

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50
Q

What issues are addressed by OSHA standards?

A
  1. General workplace safety.
  2. Issues related to the handling of products.
  3. Your right to know about any potentially hazardous products you use.
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51
Q

What is NOT an issues addressed by OSHA standards?

A

Gender equality in the workplace

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52
Q

What term refers to an abnormal condition of all or part of the body that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function?

A

Disease

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53
Q

What three qualities must disinfectant used in salons, spas, and medical facilities have?

A

Bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal

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54
Q

What type of bacteria causes abscesses, pustules, and boils?

A

Staphylococci

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55
Q

What is the most common type of bacteria?

A

Bacilli

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56
Q

What are the two new cells created through binary fission called?

A

Daughter cells

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57
Q

What is the most common way that communicable diseases spread?

A

Dirty Hands

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58
Q

What is a sign that a client has human papilloma virus (HPV) or plantar warts?

A

Clusters of small black dots on the bottom of the foot

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59
Q

What is the type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon.

A

Mildew

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60
Q

What form of decontamination is not recommended for use in salons or spas?

A

Dry-heat sterilization

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61
Q

What is a characteristic of an ideal disinfectant?

A

Includes strips for checking effectiveness

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62
Q

What strength bleach solution can be used for disinfecting implements that have come into contact with blood?

A

10%

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63
Q

What should you do when using disinfectants?

A

Follow the instructions on the label for diluting it

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64
Q

What is true about phenolic disinfectants?

A

They are a form of formaldehyde

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65
Q

What should you NOT do when using disinfectant?

A

Place them in unmarked containers

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66
Q

When should you wash your hands?

A

Before and after a service

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67
Q

What should you do next after stopping the service when a client is accidentally cut and starts to bleed?

A

Put on gloves

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68
Q

What type of burn affects all layers of the skin and causes blistering, swelling, and scarring?

A

Third degree

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69
Q

How long should you flush a client’s eye with water if a product gets into them?

A

15 minutes

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70
Q

What should you do to help keep the workplace healthy and looking its best?

A

Clean fans and humidifiers at least once a week

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71
Q

Medical term for barber’s itch.

A

Tinea Barbae

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72
Q

Determination of the nature of disease from its symptoms and/or testing.

A

Diagnosis

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73
Q

Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups

A

Cocci

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74
Q

Medical term for athlete’s foot.

A

Tinea pedis

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75
Q

Corkscrew-shaped bacteria.

A

Spirilla

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76
Q

One form of this is touching a contaminated countertop.

A

Indirect Transmission

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77
Q

Short rod-shaped bacteria.

A

Bacilli

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78
Q

Germicides formulated for use on skin.

A

Antiseptics

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79
Q

These work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.

A

Chelating Soaps

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80
Q

One form of this is passing body fluids through kissing.

A

Direct Transmission

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81
Q

What types of food should you choose?

A

High in nutrients and low in calories

82
Q

How much of your daily food intake should consist of fat?

A

About 26%

83
Q

How many common amino acids are there?

A

20

84
Q

What is an example of monosaccharide?

A

Fructose

85
Q

What are two types of fiber?

A

Soluble and insoluble

86
Q

How many calories are in a single gram of protein?

A

4 grams

87
Q

What is an example of a water-soluble vitamin?

A

Vitamin C and B

88
Q

What type of food contains vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)?

A

Leafy green vegetables

89
Q

What does inositol aid?

A

Hair growth

90
Q

What is a consequence of vitamin E deficiency?

A

Muscular atrophy, impotency, and rickets

91
Q

What is NOT a potential consequence of vitamin E deficiency?

A

Heart disease

92
Q

What foods are a good source of copper?

A

Almonds and seafood

93
Q

Wha mineral is important to fluid balance and controlling activity of heart muscle, the nervous system and kidneys?

A

Potassium

94
Q

What is important for proper bone and tooth formation?

A

Fluoride

95
Q

What term refers to vitamin-containing substances thats are converted to the actual vitamin once they are in the body?

A

Precursors

96
Q

How should vitamin e be administered to help heal damaged tissues?

A

Both internally and externally

97
Q

What B vitamin is involved in energy formation by cells and the synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids?

A

Biotin

98
Q

What is NOT a function of potassium?

A

Regulating cell nutrient transfers and reactions

99
Q

What is a function of potassium

A
  1. Aiding in maintaining blood pressure
  2. Aiding stomach, nerve, and muscle function
  3. Aiding heart and nervous system functions
100
Q

What mineral is important for protein synthesis and collagen formation, and promotes wound healing and helps the immune system?

A

Zinc

101
Q

How many eight-ounce glasses of water should a person weighs 144 lbs drink each day?

A

9… half your body weight in ozs.

102
Q

An example of healthy practice.

A

Scheduling routine health checks

103
Q

Substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

104
Q

Organic acids that form the building blocks of protein.

A

Amino Acids

105
Q

These break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body.

A

Carbohydrates

106
Q

Condition in which blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low.

A

Hypoglycemia

107
Q

Essential trace minerals and vitamins that we need for proper body functions.

A

Micronutrients

108
Q

Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders.

A

Mucopolysaccharides

109
Q

These can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be in our diet.

A

Nonessential amino acids

110
Q

Water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis.

A

Glycosaminoglycans

111
Q

Combinations of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.

A

Complementary food

112
Q

The three basic food groups that make up the largest part of the nutrition we eat.

A

Macronutrients

113
Q

These are used to make important hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin.

A

Omega-6 fatty acids

114
Q

Waxy substance needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, and bile.

A

Cholesterol

115
Q

Biological catalyst made of protein and vitamins.

A

Enzyes

116
Q

Carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.

A

Monosaccharides

117
Q

Macronutrients used to produce energy in the body.

A

Fats

118
Q

Chains of amino acid molecules used in all functions and body growth.

A

Proteins

119
Q

Good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases by reducing arteriosclerosis.

A

Omega-3 fatty acids

120
Q

Carbohydrates made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose.

A

Disaccharides

121
Q

Measure of heat units

A

Calorie

122
Q

What term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue?

A

Skin Histology

123
Q

What are the basic material and building blocks for body tissues?

A

Proteins

124
Q

What is a characteristic of healthy skin?

A

Slightly Acidic

125
Q

What is NOT a method by which the body maintains thermoregulation?

A

Absorption

126
Q

What are the methods by which the body maintains thermoregulation?

A

Perspiration, radiation, and insulation

127
Q

What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Germinativum

128
Q

What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate?

A

28 days

129
Q

What stimulates melanin production?

A

Exposure to sunlight

130
Q

What color is eumelanin?

A

Dark brown to black

131
Q

What percentage of hair is comprised of hard keratin?

A

90%

132
Q

What type of glands secrete oil?

A

Sebaceous

133
Q

What is NOT a function of lymph?

A

Supplying nutrients to the skin

134
Q

What are some functions of lymph?

A
  1. Bathing the skin cells
  2. Performing immune functions
  3. Removing toxins and cellular waste
135
Q

What type of ultraviolet radiation is know as the burning rays?

A

UVB

136
Q

What effect does nicotine have on the body?

A

Contraction of the blood vessels?

137
Q

Where do phytoestrogens come from?

A

Plants

138
Q

This contracts when a person is cold, causing goose bumps.

A

Arrector pili muscle

139
Q

Opening for a sweat gland.

A

pore

140
Q

Fluid found between epidermal cells.

A

Intercellular matrix

141
Q

Fiber protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin.

A

Keratin

142
Q

Cell stimulator

A

Fibroblast

143
Q

Protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water.

A

Acid mantle

144
Q

Oily substance that protects the surface of eh skin and lubricates both the skin and hair.

A

Sebum

145
Q

This stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal.

A

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

146
Q

Protects the body from infection by identifying foreign material (antigens).

A

Langerhans immune cells

147
Q

Skin’s mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss (TEWL).

A

Barrier function

148
Q

This connects the dermis to the epidermis.

A

Papillary layer

149
Q

Single layer of basal cells laying on a “basement membrane”.

A

Stratum Germinativum

150
Q

Outermost layer of skin.

A

Epidermis

151
Q

Top, outmost layer of the epidermis.

A

Stratum Corneum

152
Q

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue found below the reticular layer.

A

Subcutaneous Layer

153
Q

Support layer of connective tissues below the epidermis.

A

Dermis

154
Q

This is also known as the spiny layer.

A

Stratum Spinosum

155
Q

This is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin.

A

Stratum Granulosum

156
Q

Denser and deeper layer of the dermis, comprised mainly of collagen and elastin.

A

Reticular Layer

157
Q

Thin, clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum.

A

Stratum Lucidum

158
Q

Dilation of the capillary walls.

A

Telangiectasia

159
Q

These take electrons from compounds in the body such as proteins, lipids, or DNA.

A

Free Radicals

160
Q

Chronic vascular disorder characterized by couperose veins and congestion of the skin.

A

Rosacea

161
Q

Coiled structures attached to the hair follicles found under teh arms and in the genital area.

A

Apocrine Glands

162
Q

Binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures.

A

Glycation

163
Q

Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and give s skin its elasticity.

A

Elastin

164
Q

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores.

A

Eccrine Glands

165
Q

This creates a protective cushion that gives contour ad smoothness to the body, as well as providing a source of energy for the body.

A

Adipose Tissue

166
Q

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites.

A

Leukocytes

167
Q

Waxy lipid molecules important to barrier function and water-holding capacity.

A

Ceramides

168
Q

What can cause skin conditions?

A

Both internal and external factors

169
Q

Why are the acid mantle and barrier function not as healthy in dry skin?

A

Lack of lipids

170
Q

What beverages can cause dehydrated skin?

A

Coffee

171
Q

What skin type is indicated by larger, visible follicles over most of the face?

A

Oily

172
Q

What type of skin is characterized by fragile, thin skin and redness?

A

Sensitive

173
Q

The hair and eye color for this skin type vary.

A

Fitzpatrick Type III

174
Q

What Fitzpatrick skin type is common among people of Middle Eastern descent?

A

Type V

175
Q

What skin type on the Glogau Scale shows wrinkles at rest is specific to people in their 40s and 50s?

A

Type III

176
Q

What Rubin classification includes superficial pigment and changes in the epidermis?

A

Level 1

177
Q

What is NOT one of the most common skin conditions estheticians see today?

A

Vitiligo

178
Q

What condition is characterized by redness and distended capillaries caused by a weakening of the capillary walls?

A

Telangiectasia

179
Q

What term refers to oiliness of the skin?

A

Seborrhea

180
Q

What is the main external cause of aging?

A

Sun damage

181
Q

What term refers to the strength of intensity of sunlight exposure?

A

Dosage

182
Q

What is true about UVB radiation?

A

It has more energy than UVA radiation.

183
Q

What SPF is recommended when selecting sunscreen?

A

30

184
Q

What is NOT a recommended habit for maintaining healthy skin?

A

Eating foods containing preservatives

185
Q

What type of treatments are contraindicated for clients with epilepsy?

A

Electrotherapy and phototherapy

186
Q

What document is a record of all of your notes from the skin analysis, what you used in the treatment, and your home-care recommendations?

A

Client chart

187
Q

What is NOT a focus of a skin analysis?

A

Skin care products the clients uses at home

188
Q

This is thick and lays on the top of the skin to reduce transepidermal water loss.

A

Occlusive product

189
Q

This is caused by sun damage rather than genetics.

A

Actinic aging

190
Q

Excessive cell turnover and dead skin cell buildup.

A

Hyperkeratosis

191
Q

Skin that appears red with distended capillaries.

A

Couperose skin

192
Q

Center area of the face, corresponding to the shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin.

A

T-zone

193
Q

This, along with lifestyle and attitude, can contribute to the skin’s health.

A

Stress

194
Q

Abnormal hypertrophic scarring.

A

Keloids

195
Q

Skin that lacks water.

A

Dehydrated skin

196
Q

This evaluates photo-damage based on wrinkling categorized by age.

A

Glogau scale

197
Q

Factor that prohibits a treatment due to a condition.

A

Contraindication

198
Q

Dark areas on the skin.

A

Age spots

199
Q

This is used to measure the skin type’s ability to tolerate sun exposure.

A

Fitzpatrick scale

200
Q

Skin that lacks oil.

A

Alipidic skin (dry)

201
Q

Skin that lacks oxygen

A

Asphyxiated skin

202
Q

This uses levels to classify photo-damage by the depth of skin changes or damage.

A

Rubin’s classification of photo-damage